Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) play a key role in adaptive immune response. By virtue of their extremely wide distribution and high populational diversity, DC interact with almost all types of immune cells linking innate and adaptive immunity. Due to great diversity of receptors, DC recognize a lot of pathogenic microorganisms and namely DC are responsible for the subsequent immune response. Inflammation triggers maturation of DC, which manifests itself in intracellular rearrangement and in appearance of costimulating molecules (CD40, CD80 and CD86) on DC surface. DC capture and process antigens keeping high amount of immunogenic peptides which are then presented to naive lymphocytes and induce their differentiation into effector cells. Depending on pathogen type and cytokine microenvironment, DC induce polarization of immune responses. In the absence of proinflammatory factors DC induce tolerance. In addition, DC play a crucial role in T-lymphocyte selection and Treg formation. The basic traits of DC biology are reviewed.
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Abbreviations
- Ag:
-
antigen
- APC:
-
antigen-presenting cells
- DC:
-
dendritic cells
- IL:
-
interleukin
- INF:
-
interferon
- LPS:
-
lipopolysaccharide
- NK:
-
natural killer cells
- NKT:
-
natural killer T-lymphocytes
- OVA:
-
ovalbumin
- pDC:
-
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells
- Treg:
-
regulatory T-lymphocytes
- TGF:
-
transforming growth factor
- TCR:
-
T-cell receptor
- TNF:
-
tumor necrosis factor
- ER:
-
endoplasmic reticulum
- TLR:
-
Toll-like receptors
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Original Russian Text © D.A. Khochenkov, 2008, published in Biologicheskie Membrany, 2008, Vol. 25, No. 6, pp. 403–419.
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Khochenkov, D.A. Biology of dendritic cells. Biochem. Moscow Suppl. Ser. A 2, 296–311 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1990747808040028
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1990747808040028