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Biology of dendritic cells

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Biochemistry (Moscow) Supplement Series A: Membrane and Cell Biology Aims and scope

Abstract

Dendritic cells (DC) play a key role in adaptive immune response. By virtue of their extremely wide distribution and high populational diversity, DC interact with almost all types of immune cells linking innate and adaptive immunity. Due to great diversity of receptors, DC recognize a lot of pathogenic microorganisms and namely DC are responsible for the subsequent immune response. Inflammation triggers maturation of DC, which manifests itself in intracellular rearrangement and in appearance of costimulating molecules (CD40, CD80 and CD86) on DC surface. DC capture and process antigens keeping high amount of immunogenic peptides which are then presented to naive lymphocytes and induce their differentiation into effector cells. Depending on pathogen type and cytokine microenvironment, DC induce polarization of immune responses. In the absence of proinflammatory factors DC induce tolerance. In addition, DC play a crucial role in T-lymphocyte selection and Treg formation. The basic traits of DC biology are reviewed.

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Abbreviations

Ag:

antigen

APC:

antigen-presenting cells

DC:

dendritic cells

IL:

interleukin

INF:

interferon

LPS:

lipopolysaccharide

NK:

natural killer cells

NKT:

natural killer T-lymphocytes

OVA:

ovalbumin

pDC:

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells

Treg:

regulatory T-lymphocytes

TGF:

transforming growth factor

TCR:

T-cell receptor

TNF:

tumor necrosis factor

ER:

endoplasmic reticulum

TLR:

Toll-like receptors

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    D. A. Khochenkov

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Original Russian Text © D.A. Khochenkov, 2008, published in Biologicheskie Membrany, 2008, Vol. 25, No. 6, pp. 403–419.

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Khochenkov, D.A. Biology of dendritic cells. Biochem. Moscow Suppl. Ser. A 2, 296–311 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1990747808040028

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