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The dynamics and mechanisms of nucleolar reorganization during mitosis

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Abstract

In the vast majority of eukaryotic somatic cells the nucleolus is the largest and the most dynamic nuclear domain. The canonical nucleolar function is ribosome biogenesis, which includes ribosomal DNA (rDNA) transcription, pre-rRNA processing and ribosomal subunit assembly. Furthermore, according to recent data the nucleolus and specific nucleolar proteins participate in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis and control of aging. These functions are mostly realized by the nucleolus at interphase and become downregulated during mitosis, when the nucleolus disassembles.

This review summarizes the current data on the dynamics and mechanisms of the disassembly and reassembly of the nucleolus during mitosis. Particular attention is given to the information obtained by analysis of the dynamics of the nucleolus in living cells and by modeling of the premature assembly of the nucleolus under various experimental conditions.

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Abbreviations

GC:

granular component

snoRNA:

small nucleolar RNA

pre-RNA:

47-45S rRNA precursor

DFC:

dense fibrillar component

PCM:

peripheral chromosome material

rDNA:

ribosomal DNA

rRNA:

ribosomal RNA

FC:

fibrillar center

NDF:

nucleolus-derived focus

NO:

chromosomes-nucleolar organizing chromosomes

NOR:

nucleolar organizing region

APC/C:

anaphase promoting complex (cyclosome)

Cdk1:

cyclin B-dependent kinase 1

GFP:

green fluorescent protein

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  1. A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical and Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Russia

    O. O. Zharskaya

  2. Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia

    O. V. Zatsepina

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Original Russian Text © O.O. Zharskaya, O.V. Zatsepina, 2007, published in Tsitologiya, Vol. 49, No. 4, 2007.

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Zharskaya, O.O., Zatsepina, O.V. The dynamics and mechanisms of nucleolar reorganization during mitosis. Cell Tiss. Biol. 1, 277–292 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1990519X07040013

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