Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Manganese Mineralization in the Mesozoic Siliceous Deposits of the Central Sikhote-Alin and Nadanhada-Alin

  • Published:
Russian Journal of Pacific Geology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The stratiform ferromanganese bodies in the Mesozoic chert formations of central Sikhote-Alin (Katen R., J3) and Nadanhada-Alin (Khuntseling settlement, J2–3), and the vein manganese deposit (Ktab) at the Glubinny settlement area (central Sikhote-Alin) are characterized for the first time. Jurassic primary ores occur as interlayers in clayey–siliceous units. They consist of grains and globules of Mn and Fe oxides of the psilomelane–pyrolusite group and goethite. The interlayers also contain the allogenic products of eroded sialic rocks (quartz, potassium feldspar, albite, kaolinite, muscovite, paragonite, illite, and zircon) and accessory ore minerals (monazite, sphalerite, galena, apatite, cassiterite, barite, pyrite, titanite, rutile, native silver, auricupride, cerianite, tetrahedrite, and intermetallic Cu5Zn3 and Ni7Cu4). In the vein ores, spessartine and rhodonite fill veinlets and form a matrix of tectonic breccia. Manganese oxides form crusts (up to 4 cm) on the Triassic chert lumps and blocks. They likely represent the products of oxidation and breakdown of former hydrothermal–metasomatic manganese carbonates and silicates in a supergene environment. In contrast to the manganese minerals from the stratiform ores, those of the vein ores do not contain Co, Ni, Zn, and Pb, which are involved in the sulfides and sulfoarsenides (Co-gersdorffite and Ni-cobaltite, smaltite, pentlandite, and other minerals). Magnetite; titanomagnetite; barite; chalcopyrite; pyrrhotite; galena; argentite; zircon; titanite; wollastonite; anhydrite; REE phosphates, silicates, and oxides; bismuthine; native Ag, W, Cu, Zn, and Ni; and intermetallic compounds (Cu5Zn3, (Pd, Pt)5Cu and Pd4Cu) are also recognized in the vein manganese ores.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 7.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  1. P. F. Andrushchenko, “Mineral composition and structures of ferromanganese nodules,” in Ferromanganese Nodules of the Pacific Ocean (Nauka, Moscow, 1976), pp. 123–167 [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  2. A. S. Astakhov, S. A. Gorbarenko, N. G. Vashchenkova, and Yu. G. Volokhin, “Distribution and rates of manganese accumulation in bottom sediments of the Sea of Okhotsk,” Tikhookean. Geol. 19 (5), 47–60 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  3. A. S. Astakhov, N. V. Astakhova, V. V. Satarova, A. I. Svininnikov, E. V. Gretskaya, N. G. Vashchenkova, and M. V. Ivanov, Sedimentation and Ore Genesis in the Deryugin Basin (Sea of Okhotsk) (Dal’nauka, Vladivostok, 2008) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  4. N. V. Astakhova, Authigenic Complexes in the Late Cenozoic Marginal Seas of East Asia (Dal’nauka, Vladivostok, 2007) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  5. G. N. Baturin, Oceanic Ores, (Nauka, Moscow, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  6. A. G. Betekhtin, Economic Manganese Ores of the USSR (AN SSSR, Moscow–Leningrad, 1946) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  7. T. Watanabe, S. Yui, and A. Kato, “Bedded manganese deposits in Japan: a review,” in Volcanism and Ore Genesis, Ed. by T. Tatsumi (Univ. of Tokyo, Tokyo, 1970), pp. 143–152 [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  8. Yu. G. Volokhin, Chert Rocks of Sikhote-Alin and Problem of Origin of Geosynclinal Chert Sequences (DVNTs AN SSSR, Vladivostok, 1985) [in Russian].

  9. Yu. G. Volokhin, I. V. Kemkin, O. L. Smirnova, and E. V. Mikhailik, “Middle–Late Jurassic chert formation of Sikhote-Alinya,” in Triassic and Jurassic of Sikhote-Alin, (Dal’nauka, Vladivostok, 2008), Vol. 2, pp. 62–124 [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  10. Yu. G. Volokhin, Mesozoic and Cenozoic Silica Accumulation in East Asian Marginal Basins (Dal’nauka, Vladivostok, 2013) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  11. Yu. G. Volokhin and A. A. Karabtsov, “Minerals in the Triassic Carbonaceous silicites of Sikhote Alin,” Lithol. Mineral. Resour., 5 (5), 405–423 (2016).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. A. A. Vrzhosek and S. A. Shcheka, “Sikhote-Alin zone,” in Volcanic Belts of East Asia (Nauka, Moscow, 1984), pp. 87–95 [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  13. Guyots of West Pacific and their Ore Potential (Nauka, Moscow, 1995) [in Russian].

  14. State Geological Map. Sheets L-52, L-53, K-52, and K-53. FGUGP, Ed. by S. V. Kovalenko, G. S. Belyanskii, and V. I. Rybalko (Primorskaya PSE, Vladivostok, 2006) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  15. V. T. Kazachenko and V. I. Sapin, Mineralogy and Genesis of Ferromanganese Mineralization of the Pribrezhnaya Zone, Primorye (DVO AN SSSR, Vladivostok, 1990) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  16. G. L. Kirillova, T. Sakai, K. Isida, T. Kozai, T. Ota, N. Isida, “Structure and nature of Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous accretionary complexes of the Amu region,” in Tectonics and Geodynamics of Continental Lithosphere. Proceedings of 36th Tectonic Conference, Moscow, Russia, 2003 Tektonika (GEOS, Moscow, 2003), Vol. 1, pp. 253–255 [in Russian].

  17. L. I. Kulish and V. A. Samoilov, “Manganese occurrences in the basin of the middle reaches of the Anyui River (Northern Sikhote-Alinya),” in Far East Geology (Khabarovsk, 1972), pp. 95–103 [in Russian].

  18. L. I. Kulish and E. A. Kulish, Metamorphic Manganese Complexes of Far East (Khabarovsk. kn. izd-vo, Khabarovsk, 1974) [in Russian].

  19. L. I. Kulish, “Sedimentary and volcanogenic–sedimentary manganese complexes of Far East,” in Far East Sedimentary and Volcanogenic–Sedimentary Formations (Vladivostok, 1979), pp. 99–114 [in Russian].

  20. E. V. Mikhailik, “Manganese jaspers of the Kiselevka Formation of northern Sikhote Alin,” in Geosynclinal Sedimentaty–Volcanogenic Formations of the Soviet Far East (DVO AN SSSR, Vladivostok, 1987), pp. 130–139 [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  21. P. E. Mikhailik, A. N. Derkachev, O. V. Chudaev, and N. V. Zarubina, “Fe–Mn crusts from underwater rises of the Kashevarov Trough (Sea of Okhotsk),” Russ. J. Pac. Geol. 3 (1), 28–39 (2009).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. P. E. Mikhailik, E. V. Mikhailik, N. V. Zarubina, N. N. Barinov, V. T. S’edin, and E. P. Lelikov, “Composition and distribution of REE in ferromanganese crusts of the Belyaevsky and Medvedev seamounts in the Sea of Japan,” Russ. J. Pac. Geol. 8 (5), 315–329 (2014).

  23. Perevoznikova, E.V., Extended Abstract of Candidate’s Dissertation in Geology and Mineralogy (DVGI DVO RAN, Vladivostok, 2010).

  24. A. N. Filippov, G. I. Burii, and V. S. Rudenko, “Stratigraphic volcanosedimentary succession of the Samarka terrane (Central Sikhote-Alin’): a record of paleooceanic sedimentation,” Tikhookean. Geol. 20 (3), 26–46 (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  25. F. V. Chukhrov, A. I. Gorshkov, and V. A. Drits, Supergene Manganese Oxides (Nauka, Moscow, 1989) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  26. S. A. Shcheka, “Meymechite–picrite komplex of Sikhote-Alinya,” Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 234, 441–447 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  27. S. A. Shcheka, A. A. Vrzhosek, E. A. Nozdrachev, and T. A. Lotina, “Jurassic volcanism,” in Triassic and Jurassic of Sikhote Alin. Volume 2. Volcanosedimentary Complex (Dal’nauka, Vladivostok, 2008), pp. 125–145 [in Russian].

  28. F. V. Chukchrov, A. I. Gorshkov, E. S. Rudnitskaya, V. V. Beresovskaya, and A. V. Sivtsov, “Manganese minerals in clays: a review,” Clay Clay Minerals 28 (5), 346–354 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. J. Frenzel, “The manganese ore minerals,” Geology and Geochemistry of Manganese, Ed. by I. M. Varentsov and Gy. Grassely, Schweizerbartsche Verlagsbuchhandlung Stuttgart, No. 1, 25–157 (1980).

  30. J. Gutzmer and N. J. Beukes, “Mineralogy and mineral chemistry of oxide facies manganese ores of the Postmasburg manganese field, South Africa,” Mineral. Mag. 61, 213–231 (1997).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. J. R. Hein, K. Mizell, A. Koschinsky, and T. A. Conrad, “Deep-Ocean mineral deposits as a source of critical metals for high- and green-technology applications: comparison with land-based resources,” Ore Geol. Rev 51, 1–14 (2013).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. S. Kojima and S. Mizutani, “Triassic and Jurassic radiolaria from the Nadanhada Range, Northeast China,” Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan. N. S. 148, 256–275 (1987).

  33. D. L. Mosier and N. Page, “Descriptive and grade-tonnage models of volcanogenic manganese deposits in oceanic environments—a modification,” U.S. Geol. Surv. Bull., no. 1811, (1988).

  34. S. A. Shcheka, A. A. Vrzhosek, and S. V. Vysotskiy, “Jurassic meymechite–picrite complex of Primorye, Russia: comparative study with komatiite and Japanese picrite suites,” Plumes and Problems of Deep Sources of Alkaline Magmatism (Khabarovsk, 2003), pp.184–200.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Y. G. Volokhin, N. N. Barinov, and W. C. Isphording, Geochemical evidences of the accelerated growth of ferromanganese nodules due to hydrothermal supply, Water-Rock Interaction, Ed. by O. V. Chudaev and Y. C. Kharaka, (Balkema, Rotterdam, 1995), pp. 711–714.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

ACKNWOLEDMENTS

We are grateful to N.V. Gruda (Far East Geological Institute) for carrying out the X-ray diffraction of manganese ores and clay minerals. E.V. Mikhailik (Far East Geological Institute) is thanked for useful comments, which significantly improved our manuscript. Samples of Mesozoic rocks in the vicinity of Khuntseling settlement (Nadanhada-Alin Range) were obtained in the course of the joint Russian–Chinese expedition organized by Prof. Shao-Ji-An, Peking University.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Far East Geological Institute, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Stoletiya Vladivostoka 159, 690022, Vladivostok, Russia

    Yu. G. Volokhin & A. A. Karabtsov

  2. Institute of Chemistry, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Stoletiya Vladivostoka 159, 690022, Vladivostok, Russia

    A. Yu Ustinov

Authors
  1. Yu. G. Volokhin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. A. A. Karabtsov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. A. Yu Ustinov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Yu. G. Volokhin, A. A. Karabtsov or A. Yu Ustinov.

Additional information

Recommended for publishing by G.L. Kirillova

Translated by M. Bogina

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Volokhin, Y.G., Karabtsov, A.A. & Ustinov, A.Y. Manganese Mineralization in the Mesozoic Siliceous Deposits of the Central Sikhote-Alin and Nadanhada-Alin. Russ. J. of Pac. Geol. 13, 29–50 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1134/S181971401901007X

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S181971401901007X

Keywords:

Search

Navigation