Abstract
Organosilica materials containing λ-carrageenan on their surface are synthesized. The conditions for the immobilization of the polysaccharide, such as phase contact time and pH and concentration of solutions, are optimized. It is shown that the chemisorption of the polysaccharide passes through ion exchange multipoint immobilization, which provides a high hydrolytic stability of the prepared organosilica. The rate of washing of λ-carrageenan to the solution does not exceed 0.5%. The physical and chemical characteristics of the new material are studied. In particular, it is shown that the material is completely stable up to 200°C and reversibly desorbs water at 120°C; it well adsorbs 1,4-dioxane from the gas phase and desorbs it under heating to 70°C. This ensures the use of the prepared carrageenan-containing material as an adsorbent for a solid-phase cartridge designed for the adsorption preconcentration of 1,4-dioxane in its headspace gas chromatographic determination in samples of nonionic surfactants. The developed procedure ensures the determination of 1,4-dioxane by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector in the concentration range 0.012–3.750 mg/L with a limit of detection of 0.0014 mg/L. Preconcentration lowers the limit of detection in the determination of 1,4-dioxane by 50 times.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Mohr, T.K.G., Stickney, J.A., and DiGuiseppi, W.H., Environmental Investigation and Remediation: 1,4-Dioxane and other Solvent Stabilizers, CRC Press, 2010.
United States Environmental Protection Agency. https://www3.epa.gov. Cited June 13, 2016.
California Department of Public Health. Drinking Water Notification Levels, 2012. http://www.cdph.ca. gov/certlic/drinkingwater/Pages/NotificationLevels. aspx. Cited June 13, 2016.
Zenker, M.J., Borden, R.C., and Barlaz, M.A., Environ. Eng. Sci., 2003, vol. 20, no. 5, p. 423.
Black, R.E., Hurley, F.J., and Havery, D.C., J. AOAC Int., 2001, vol. 84, p. 666.
Bor Fuh, C., Lai, M., Tsai, H.Y., and Chang, C.M., J. Chromatogr. A, 2005, vol. 1071, p. 141.
FDA Cosmetic Handbook, United States Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. 1992.
Li, M., Fiorenza, S., Chatham, J.R., Mahendra, S., and Alvarez, P.J.J., Water Res., 2010, vol. 44, no. 9, p. 2894.
Wala-Jerzykiewicz, A. and Szymanowski, J., Chromatographia, 1998, vol. 48, no. 3, p. 299.
Kumar, A., Vyas, G., Bhatt, M., Bhatt, Sh., and Paul, P., Chem. Commun., 2015, vol. 51, p. 15936.
Li, M., Fiorenza, S., Chatham, J.R., Mahendra, S., and Alvarez, P.J.J., Water Res., 2010, no. 9, p. 2894.
Nakamura, S. and Daishima, S., Anal. Chim. Acta, 2005, vol. 548, nos. 1–2, p. 79.
Shirey, R.E. and Linton, C.M., J. Chromatogr. Sci., 2006, vol. 44, no. 7, p. 444.
Stepien, D.K. and Puttmann, W., Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2013, vol. 405, p. 1743.
Isaacson, C., Mohr, T.K.G., and Field, J.A., Environ. Sci. Technol., 2006, vol. 40, no. 23, p. 7305.
Stepien, D.K. and Püttmann, W., Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2013, vol. 405, p. 1743.
Song, D. and Zhang, S., J. Chromatogr. A, 1997, vol. 787, nos. 1–2, p. 283.
Park, Y.M., Pyo, H., Park, S.J., and Park, S.K., Anal. Chim. Acta, 2005, vol. 548, nos. 1–2, p. 109.
Kolb, B. and Ettre, L., Static Headspace–Gas Chromatography: Theory and Practice, New York: Wiley, 2006.
Zhu, J.Y. and Chai, X.S., Curr. Anal. Chem., 2005, vol. 1, no. 1, p. 79.
Snow, N.H. and Bullock, G.P., J. Chromatogr. A, 2010, vol. 1217, no. 16, p. 2726.
Rastogi, S.C., Chromatographia, 1990, vol. 29, nos. 9–10, p. 441.
Imeson, A.P., in Handbook of Hydrocolloids, Phillips, G.O. and Williams, P.A, Eds., Cambridge: Woodhead, 2000, p. 87.
Qin, M., Yang, Y., Zheng, P., Fan, D., and Shen, W., Soft Matter, 2014, vol. 10, no. 2, p. 4126.
Gordon, A.J. and Ford, R.A., The Chemist’s Companion: A Handbook of Practical Data, Techniques, and References, New York: Wiley, 1972.
Zaitsev, V.M. and Kobylinskaya, N.G., Russ. Chem. Bull., 2005, vol. 54, no. 8, p. 1842.
Dubois, M., Gilles, K.A., Hamilton, J., Robers, P.A., and Smith, F., Anal. Chem., 1956, vol. 28, p. 350.
Kholin, Yu.V. and Zaitsev, V.N., Pure Appl. Chem., 2008, vol. 80, no. 7, p. 1561.
Lisichkin, G.V., Fadeev, A.Yu., Serdan, A.A., and Nesterenko, P.N., Khimiya privitykh poverkhnostnykh soedinenii (Chemistry of Grafted Surface Compounds), Lisichkin, G.V., Ed., Moscow: FIZMATLIT, 2003.
Bratskaya, S.Yu. and Avramenko, V.A., Colloid J., 2001, vol. 63, no. 2, p. 137.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © O.I. Fedorchuk, N.G. Kobylinska, V.N. Zaitsev, 2017, published in Zhurnal Analiticheskoi Khimii, 2017, Vol. 72, No. 3, pp. 244–251.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fedorchuk, O.I., Kobylinska, N.G. & Zaitsev, V.N. Headspace gas chromatographic determination of 1,4-dioxane with adsorption preconcentration on silica modified with λ-carrageenan. J Anal Chem 72, 295–302 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061934817010063
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061934817010063