Abstract
Previous studies revealed significant phenotypic plasticity, genetic variability and population differentiation of flower morphometric traits on dwarf bearded iris Iris pumila. Also, study of I. pumila flowering phenology revealed significant impact of habitat type as well as population differentiation for flowering time. Since the flowering time can influence other flower traits, we performed this analysis of flower morphometric traits in three time points during the flower bud ontogenic development in two habitat types (open vs. shaded). Analysis revealed that for most of the traits greater trait values were recorded for open habitat but only on latter time points. For most of the analyzed traits direction of differences in bud stage was the opposite to the direction of differences in mature flower stage detected in previous studies. However, length of the stem, a trait that showed the greatest variability between habitats and populations and therefore greatest genetic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity, was significantly greater in the samples from the late flowering shaded habitat in all time samples, indicating that in case of this trait different mechanisms were involved. Those findings have implications for design of the future studies on I. pumila.
References
Schlichting, C.D., and Pigliucci, M., Phenotypic Evolution: A Reaction Norm Perspective, Sinauer Associates, 1998.
Pigliucci, M., Phenotypic Plasticity: Beyond Nature and Nurture, John Hopkins Univ. Press, 2001.
West-Eberhardt, M.J., Developmental Plasticity and Evolution, Oxford Univ. Press, 2003.
De Jong, G., Evolution of Phenotypic Plasticity: Patterns of Plasticity and the Emergence of Ecotypes, New Phytologist, 2005, vol. 166, pp. 101–118.
Wright, S.D. and McConnaughay, K.D.M., Interpreting Phenotypic Plasticity: The Importance of Ontogeny, Plant Species Biol., 2002, vol. 17, pp. 119–131.
Varin, S., Leveel, B., Lemauviel-Lavenant, S., and Cliquet, J.B., Does the White Clover Response to Sulphur Availability Correspond to Phenotypic or Ontogenetic Plasticity? Acta Oecol., 2009, vol. 35, pp. 452–457.
Diggle, P.K., Heteroblasty and the Evolution of Flowering Phenologies, Int. J. Plant Sci., 1999, vol. 160, suppl. 6, pp. S123–S134.
Forrest, J. and Miller-Rushing, A.J., Toward a Synthetic Understanding of the Role of Phenology in Ecology and Evolution, Phil. Trans. R. Soc., Ser. B, 2010, vol. 365, no. 1555, pp. 3101–3112.
Tucić, B., Milojković, S., Tarasjev, A., and Vujčić, S., The Influence of Climatic Factors on Clonal Diversity in a Population of Iris pumila, Oikos, 1989, vol. 56, pp. 115–120.
Tarasjev, A., Bari¡ć Klisarić, N., Stojković, B., and Avramov, S., Phenotypic Plasticity and between Population Differentiation Iris pumila Transplants between Native, Open and Anthropogenic Shade and Habitats, Russ. J. Genet., 2009, vol. 45, pp. 944–952.
Tarasjev, A., Relationship between Phenotypic Plasticity and Developmental Instability in Iris pumila L., Russ. J. Genet., 1995, vol. 31, no. 12, pp. 1655–1663.
Tarasjev, A., Flowering Phenology in Natural Populations of Iris pumila, Ecography, 1995, vol. 20, pp. 48–54.
Tarasjev, A., Relationship between Estimates of Spatial and Temporal Plasticity, Genetic Variability and Between-Population Differentiation in Iris pumila, Arch. Biol. Sci., 2003, vol. 55, pp. 5P–6P.
Tarasjev, A., Barišić Klisarić, N., and Stojković, B., Spatial Autocorrelation in Two Iris pumila Populations Estimated on Morphological Data From Natural Clones and Their Samples Grown in Two Different Habitats, Russ. J. Genet., 2006, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 215–218.
Tarasjev, A., Plastic Response to Between-Year Environmental Variability in Populations and Subpopulations of Iris pumila L., Arch. Biol. Sci., 1994, vol. 3–4, pp. 105–114.
Schmitt, J. and Wulff, R.D., Light Spectral Quality, Phytochrome, and Plant Competition, Trends Ecol. Evol., 1993, vol. 8, pp. 47–51.
Von Wettberg, E.J., Remington, D.L., and Schmitt, J., Partitioning Adaptive Differentiation across a Patchy Landscape: Shade Avoidance Traits in Impatiens capensis, Evolution, 2008, vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 654–667.
McGoey, B.V. and Stinchcombe, J.R., Interspecific Competition Alters Natural Selection on Shade Avoidance Phenotypes in Impatiens capensis, New Phytologist, 2009, vol. 183, no. 3, pp. 880–891.
Kojić, M., Popović, R., Karadžić, B., Ecological Analysis of the Deliblato Sands Vegetation, The Deliblato Sands (Proc. 6th Pancevo), 1994.
Box, G.E.P., Hunter, W.G., and Hunter, J.S., Statistics for Experimenters: An Introduction to Design, Data Analysis and Model Building, New York: Willey, 1978.
Fernandez, G.C.J., Residual Analysis and Data Transformations: Important Tools in Statistical Analysis, Hort Sci., 1992, vol. 27, pp. 297–300.
Rice, W.R., Analyzing Tables of Statistical Tests, Evolution, 1989, vol. 43, pp. 223–225.
SAS/STAT User’s Guide, Version 6, SAS Inst., 1989, 4th ed.
Coleman, J.C., McConnaughay, K.D.M., and Ackerly, D.D., Interpreting Phenotypic Variation in Plants, Trends Ecol. Evol., 1994, vol. 9, pp. 187–191.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
The article is published in the original.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Barišić Klisarić, N., Avramov, S., Miljković, D. et al. Ontogeny of flower parts on naturally growing Iris pumila clones: Implications for population differentiation and phenotypic plasticity studies. Russ J Genet 48, 468–472 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1022795412010103
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1022795412010103