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Opposite effects of synthetic auxins, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 1-naphthalene acetic acid on growth of true ginseng cell culture and synthesis of ginsenosides

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Abstract

Effects of synthetic auxins (2,4-D and NAA) on growth of true ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Mey) suspension culture and ginsenoside synthesis were investigated. Cell suspensions were grown for 6–8 subcultures on media supplemented with various phytohormones. In all media supplemented with 2,4-D and cytokinins (benzyladenine or kinetin), the cell culture showed sustained growth both in the presence and absence of casein hydrolysate. The average growth index, determined from fresh weight increment over one subculture, equaled to 5.16 ± 0.90, and the maximum mitotic index was 2%. These cell populations having cell volume of 10–17 × 104 μm3 were composed mostly (up to 60–80%) of 5-to 10-cell aggregates with unimodal distribution of nuclear DNA. These cell suspensions were suitable for isolation of protoplasts. The total average content of ginsenosides in the cell culture grown in the presence of 2,4-D constituted 0.18% of dry matter. In media supplemented with NAA, the cell growth was retarded irrespective of the cytokinin species and presence or absence of casein hydrolysate. The growth index (the ratio of final to initial fresh weights) was on average 2.15 ± 0.37, and the mitotic index did not exceed 0.13%. These suspensions, characterized by cell volume of 22–50 × 104 μm3, were composed of large aggregates (> 50 cells). The attempts to isolate protoplasts from these suspensions were unsuccessful. About 25% of cells cultured in the presence of NAA had doubled nuclear DNA content by the end of the subculture. The total content of ginsenosides in cell cultures grown with NAA was on average 4.46% of cell dry matter. The results indicate that ginsenoside synthesis depends on the extent of differentiation in the population of true ginseng cells grown in suspension culture. A certain extent of cytodifferentiation in the cell culture was observed in the presence of NAA, whereas 2,4-D supported only cell proliferation in vitro.

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Abbreviations

BA:

benzyladenine

CV:

coefficient of variation

MS:

Murashige and Skoog nutrient medium

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya ul. 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia

    I. N. Smolenskaya, O. V. Reshetnyak, Yu. N. Smirnova, N. D. Chernyak, E. B. Globa, A. M. Nosov & A. V. Nosov

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  1. I. N. Smolenskaya
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  2. O. V. Reshetnyak
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  3. Yu. N. Smirnova
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  4. N. D. Chernyak
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  5. E. B. Globa
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  6. A. M. Nosov
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Original Russian Text © I.N. Smolenskaya, O.V. Reshetnyak, Yu.N. Smirnova, N.D. Chernyak, E.B. Globa, A.M. Nosov, A.V. Nosov, 2007, published in Fiziologiya Rastenii, 2007, Vol. 54, No. 2, pp. 243–253.

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Smolenskaya, I.N., Reshetnyak, O.V., Smirnova, Y.N. et al. Opposite effects of synthetic auxins, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 1-naphthalene acetic acid on growth of true ginseng cell culture and synthesis of ginsenosides. Russ J Plant Physiol 54, 215–223 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1021443707020094

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1021443707020094

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