Skip to main content
Log in

Generalizations of the Wada representations and virtual link groups

  • Published:
Siberian Mathematical Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We extend the Wada representations of the classical braid group to the virtual and welded braid groups. Using the resulting representations, we construct the groups of virtual links and prove that they are link invariants. We give some examples of calculating the groups of torus (virtual) links.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Birman J. S., Braids, Links and Mapping Class Groups, Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton and Tokyo (1974) (Ann. Math. Stud; vol. 82).

    Google Scholar 

  2. Crowell R. and Fox R., Introduction to Knot Theory, Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1977) (Graduate Texts Math; vol. 57).

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  3. Kassel C. and Turaev V., Braid Groups, Springer-Verlag, Berlin (2008) (Graduate Texts Math.; vol. 247).

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  4. Kauffman L. H., “Virtual knot theory,” Eur. J. Comb., vol. 20, no. 7, 663–690 (1999).

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  5. Kamada S., “Invariants of virtual braids and a remark on left stabilizations and virtual exchange moves,” Kobe J. Math., vol. 21, no. 1–2, 33–49 (2004).

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  6. Manturov V. O. and Ilyutko D. P., Virtual Knots. The State of the Art, World Sci. Press, Singapore (2013).

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  7. Bardakov V. G. and Bellingeri P., “Groups of virtual and welded links,” J. Knot Theory Ramifications, 2014, vol. 23, no. 3. 1450014. 23 p.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  8. Manturov V. O., “On recognition of virtual braids,” J. Math. Sci. (New York), vol. 131, no. 1, 5409–5419 (2005).

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  9. Bardakov V. G., Mikhalchishina Yu. A., and Neshchadim M. V., “Representations of virtual braids by automorphisms and virtual knot groups,” J. Knot Theory Ramifications, 2017, vol. 26, no. 1. 1750003. 17 p.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  10. Carter J. S., Silver D., and Williams S., “Invariants of links in thickened surfaces,” Algebr. Geom. Topol., vol. 14, no. 3, 1377–1394 (2014).

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  11. Wada M., “Group invariants of links,” Topology, vol. 31, no. 2, 399–406 (1992).

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  12. Mikhalchishina Yu. A., “Local representations of braid groups,” Sib. Math. J., vol. 54, no. 4, 666–678 (2013).

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  13. Vershinin V. V., “On homology of virtual braids and Burau representation,” J. Knot Theory Ramifications, vol. 10, no. 5, 795–812 (2001).

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  14. Goussarov M., Polyak M., and Viro O., “Finite type invariants of classical and virtual knots,” Topology, vol. 39, no. 5, 1045–1068 (2000).

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  15. Fenn R., Rimanyi R., and Rourke C., “The braid-permutation group,” Topology, vol. 36, no. 1, 123–135 (1997).

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  16. Shpilrain V., “Representing braids by automorphisms,” Intern. J. Algebra Comput., vol. 11, no. 6, 773–777 (2001).

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  17. Bacardit L. and Dicks W., “Actions of the braid group, and new algebraic proofs of results of Dehornoy and Larue,” Groups Complex. Cryptol., vol. 1, no. 1, 77–129 (2009). DOI 10.1515/ GCC.2009.77. MR2502938 (2010a:20083).

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  18. Sakuma M., “A note on Wada’s group invariants of links,” Proc. Japan Acad. Ser. A. Math. Sci., vol. 67, no. 5, 176–177 (1991) (http://mat.uab.cat/ dicks/bacardit.html).

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  19. Ito T., “The classification of Wada-type representations of braid groups,” J. Pure Appl. Algebra, vol. 217, no. 9, 1754–1763. DOI 10.1016/j.jpaa.2012.12.010. MR3042635 (2013).

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  20. Chrisp J. and Paris L., “Representations of the braid group by automorphisms of groups, invariants of links, and Garside groups,” Pacific J. Math., vol. 221, no. 1, 1–27 (2005).

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  21. Lin X. and Nelson S., “On generalized knot groups,” J. Knot Theory Ramifications, vol. 17, no. 3, 263–272 (2008).

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  22. Nelson S. and Neumann W., “The 2-generalized knot group determines the knot,” Commun. Contemp. Math., vol. 10, no. supp01, 843–847 (2008).

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  23. Bardakov V. G., “Virtual and welded links and their invariants,” Sib. Elektron. Mat. Izv., vol. 2, 196–199 (2005).

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  24. Chterental O., “Virtual braids and virtual curve diagrams,” arXiv 1411.63 13v14 [math.QA] 2 Jun 2015. 25 p.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  25. Kauffman L. H. and Lambropoulou S., “The L-move and virtual braids,” J. Knot Theory Ramifications, vol. 15, no. 6, 773–811 (2006).

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  26. Bardakov V. G., Mikhalchishina Yu. A., and Neshchadim M. V., “Groups of virtual knots,” Sib. Math. J. (to be published).

  27. Magnus W., Karrass A., and Solitar D., Combinatorial Group Theory, Dover Publications, Mineola (2004).

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  28. Bardakov V. G. and Bryukhanov O. V., “On linearity of some extensions,” Vestnik Novosibirsk. Univ. Ser. Mat. Mekh. Inform., vol. 7, no. 3, 45–58 (2007).

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  29. Kishino T. and Satoh S., “A note on non-classical virtual knots,” J. Knot Theory Ramifications, vol. 13, no. 7, 845–856 (2004).

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  30. Bardakov V. G., Mikhalchishina Yu. A., and Neshchadim M. V., “Representations of virtual braids by automorphisms and virtual knot groups,” arXiv:1603.01425 [math.AT] 4 Mar 2016.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  31. Bardakov V. G., “Structure of a conjugating automorphism group,” Algebra and Logic, vol. 42, no. 5, 287–303 (2003).

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  32. Elhamdadi M., Saito M., Scott Carter J., Silver D., and Williams S., “Virtual knot invariants from group biquandles and their cocycles,” J. Knot Theory Ramifications, vol. 18, no. 7, 957–972 (2009).

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yu. A. Mikhalchishina.

Additional information

Original Russian Text Copyright © 2017 Mikhalchishina Yu.A.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Mikhalchishina, Y.A. Generalizations of the Wada representations and virtual link groups. Sib Math J 58, 500–514 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0037446617030132

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0037446617030132

Keywords

Navigation