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Methods of genome engineering: a new era of molecular biology

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Abstract

Genome sequencing now progressing much faster than our understanding of the majority of gene functions. Studies of physiological functions of various genes would not be possible without the ability to manipulate the genome. Methods of genome engineering can now be used to inactivate a gene to study consequences, introduce heterologous genes into the genome for scientific and biotechnology applications, create genes coding for fusion proteins to study gene expression, protein localization, and molecular interactions, and to develop animal models of human diseases to find appropriate treatment. Finally, genome engineering might present the possibility to cure hereditary diseases. In this review, we discuss and compare the most important methods for gene inactivation and editing, as well as methods for incorporation of heterologous genes into the genome.

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Abbreviations

CRISPR:

clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat

crRNA:

CRISPR RNA

HDR:

homology directed repair

IR:

inverted repeats

NHEJ:

nonhomologous end joining

PAM:

protospacer adjacent motif

RVD:

repeat variable diresidue

TALE:

transcription activator-like effector

TALEN:

TALE-nuclease

tracrRNA:

trans-activating CRISPR RNA

ZF:

zinc-finger (protein)

ZFN:

zinc-finger nuclease

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia

    A. A. Chugunova, O. A. Dontsova & P. V. Sergiev

  2. Skolkovo Institute for Science and Technology, 143025, Skolkovo, Moscow Region, Russia

    A. A. Chugunova & O. A. Dontsova

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  1. A. A. Chugunova
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Original Russian Text © A. A. Chugunova, O. A. Dontsova, P. V. Sergiev, 2016, published in Biokhimiya, 2016, Vol. 81, No. 7, pp. 881-898.

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Chugunova, A.A., Dontsova, O.A. & Sergiev, P.V. Methods of genome engineering: a new era of molecular biology. Biochemistry Moscow 81, 662–677 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297916070038

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