Skip to main content
Log in

Effect of alloying on the structure of bronze with enhanced tin content

  • Structure, Phase Transformations, and Diffusion
  • Published:
The Physics of Metals and Metallography Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Bronzes with an enhanced (14 wt %) tin content which were alloyed with titanium, zirconium, and boron have been studied in the as-cast, homogenized, and deformed states by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. These alloys are of interest as a matrix material for superconducting Nb/Cu-Sn composites in which the high tin content and the alloying of the bronze matrix make it possible to improve superconducting characteristics at the expense of optimization of the structure and properties of layers of the Nb3Sn compound formed at the niobium-bronze interface via reactive diffusion. The distribution of alloying elements in different states of the bronze has been investigated. It has been shown that Zr is uniformly distributed in the alloy and forms no coarse inclusions, whereas Ti forms in the as-cast state large platelike precipitates that can adversely affect technological characteristics of the bronze matrix and the composite as a whole.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Y. Tanaka, “The Forefront of Practical Superconducting Wires,” Physica C 335, 69–72 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. A. Shikov, A. Nikulin, A. Silaev, et al., “Development of the Superconductors for ITER Magnet System,” J. Nucl. Mater. 263, 1929–1934 (1998).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. H. Sakamoto, M. Higuchi, S. Endoh, et al., “Very High Critical-Current Density of Bronze-Processed (Nb,Ti)3Sn Superconducting Wire,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Superconduct. 10(1), 971–974 (2000).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. D. S. Holmes and A. M. Adair, et al., “Bronze for Superconducting Wires: The Powder Metallurgy Approach,” IEEE Trans. Magn. MAG-17, 1010–1012 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  5. E. N. Popova, L. A. Rodionova, S. V. Sudareva, et al., “Influence of Different Deformation Techniques on the Structure of Bronze Matrix of Multifilamentary Nb3Sn Composites,” Fiz. Met. Metalloved. 76(2), 144–152 (1993) [Phys. Met. Metallogr. 76, 228–234 (1993)].

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. P. C. J. Gallagher, “The Influence of the Alloying Temperature and the Related Effects on the Stacking Fault Energy,” Metall. Trans. 1(9), 2429–2461 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. D. Liu, A. Miller, and K. T. Aust, “Annealing Twin Formation in the Cast and Annealed Cu-4 at. % Sn Alloy,” Canada. Met. Quart 23(2), 237–240 (1984).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. A. K. Shikov and A. D. Nikulin, Effect of Alloying of the Materials of Matrices and Filaments on the Critical Properties of Ni 3 Sn Multifilamentary Conductors: A Review (TsNII Atominform, Moscow, 1984), No. 7 (95).

    Google Scholar 

  9. Sh. Ochiai, K. Osamura, and M. Maekawa, “Comparison of Mechanical and Superconducting Properties of Titanium Added Nb3Sn Composite Wire with Those of Non-Added Ones,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 4(6), 262–269 (1991).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. K. Tachikawa, M. Terada, and M. Endo, “An Improvement of Critical Current Density in Bronze Processed Nb3Sn,” Sci. Report Res. Inst. Tohoku Univ., Ser. A—Phys., Chem., Metall. 37(1), 108–115 (1992).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. L. A. Rodionova, E. N. Popova, S. V. Sudareva, et al., “Electron Microscopic Study of the Structure of Nb/Cu-Sn Composites with Titanium-Doped Niobium Filaments,” Fiz. Met. Metalloved., No. 12, 100–110 (1991).

  12. E. N. Popova, L. A. Rodionova, S. V. Sudareva, et al., “Titanium Distribution in Different Constituents of Nb3Sn Superconducting Composites,” Fiz. Met. Metalloved. 75(2), 112–118 (1993) [Phys. Met. Metallogr. 75, 189–193 (1993)].

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. E. N. Popova, L. A. Rodionova, S. V. Sudareva, et al., “Effect of Gallium Addition on the Structure and Properties of Nb3Sn Superconducting Composites,” Fiz. Met. Metalloved. 75(2), 119–124 (1993) [Phys. Met. Metallogr. 75, 194–198 (1993)].

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. L. A. Rodionova, E. N. Popova, S. V. Sudareva, et al., “Structure and Mechanical Properties of Alloyed Bronze Matrix in Nb3Sn-based Superconducting Composites,” Fiz. Met. Metalloved. 73(1), 93–99 (1992) [Phys. Met. Metallogr. 75, 71–75 (1992)].

    Google Scholar 

  15. E. N. Popova, V. V. Popov, E. P. Romanov, et al., “Effect of Alloying on the Kinetics of the Formation of the Fine Structure of the Nb/Cu-Sn Composites,” Fiz. Met. Metalloved. 81(6), 109–117 (1996) [Phys. Met. Metallogr. 81, 653–659 (1996)].

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. E. Poggio and P. Piccardo, “Tint Metallography of As-Cast Tin-Bronzes for Hot Tearing Investigation,” Eur. Microsc. Anal., No. 5, 5–7 (2004).

  17. H. Warlimont and L. Delaey, Martensitic Transformations in Copper-, Silver-, and Gold-Based Alloys (Pergamon, Oxford, 1974; Nauka, Moscow, 1980).

    Google Scholar 

  18. L. M. Utevskii, Diffraction Electron Microscopy in Metallography (Metallurgiya, Moscow, 1973) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  19. L. A. Rodionova, E. N. Popova, S. V. Sudareva, et al., “Electron-Microscopic Study of the Structure of the Bronze Matrix of the V/Cu-Ga Composite with a Decreased Plasticity,” Fiz. Met. Metalloved., No. 3, 150–157 (1991).

  20. E. Snoeck, F. Lecouturier, L. Thilly, et al., “Microstructural Studies of in situ Produced Filamentary Cu/Nb Wires,” Scr. Mater. 38(11), 1643–1648 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. E. N. Popova, V. V. Popov, L. A. Rodionova, et al., “Effect of Annealing and Doping with Zr on the Structure and Properties of in situ Cu-Nb Composite Wire,” Scr. Mater. 46, 193–198 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. E. N. Popova, V. V. Popov, E. P. Romanov, et al., “Effect of Alloying and Regimes of Thermomechanical Treatment on the Structure and Properties of Cu-Nb Composites,” Fiz. Met. Metalloved. 94(1), 80–89 (2002) [Phys. Met. Metallogr. 94, 73–81 (2002)].

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. G. S. Zakharova, V. L. Volkov, V. V. Ivanovskaya, and A. L. Ivanovskii, Nanotubes and Related Nanostructures of Metal Oxides (Ural. Otd. Ross. Akad. Nauk, Ekaterinburg, 2005) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Original Russian Text © E.N. Popova, S.V. Sudareva, E.P. Romanov, E.A. Dergunova, I.M. Abdyukhanov, A.E. Vorob’eva, L.V. Elokhina, 2007, published in Fizika Metallov i Metallovedenie, 2007, Vol. 103, No. 2, pp. 165–179.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Popova, E.N., Sudareva, S.V., Romanov, E.P. et al. Effect of alloying on the structure of bronze with enhanced tin content. Phys. Metals Metallogr. 103, 160–173 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031918X07020068

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031918X07020068

PACS numbers

Navigation