Toward a Communality with Employees: The Role of CSR Types and Internal Reputation
- 34 Downloads
Abstract
The aim of this study is to examine the impacts of organizations’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) types from internal perspectives. By building linkages among CSR, organization–employee relationship, and internal reputation, the current study investigates how organizations’ CSR practices influence the communal relationship between an organization and employees as well as their perceived external prestige (PEP) of an organization. An online survey was conducted with 507 current full-time employees working in large-sized companies in the United States. Results show that four dimensions of CSR activities—discretionary, ethical, legal, and economic CSR—are significantly related to employees’ perceived external prestige. Furthermore, the study found that employees’ PEP is positively related to their perceptions of communal relationships, as well as their communal willingness to the companies. Different direct impacts of CSR activities on the communal relationship between an organization and its employees are also investigated. Theoretical and practical implications of this study are discussed.
Keywords
CSR Internal reputation Communal relationship Employee relationshipNotes
References
- Abdullah, M., and N. Rashid. 2012. The implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs and its impact on employee organizational citizenship behavior. International Journal of Business and Commerce 2 (1): 67–75.Google Scholar
- Ali, I., K.U. Rehman, S.I. Ali, J. Yousaf, and M. Zia. 2010. Corporate social responsibility influences, employee commitment and organizational performance. African Journal of Business Management 4 (12): 2796–2801.Google Scholar
- Bartels, J., A. Pruyn, M. de Jong, and I. Joustra. 2007. Multiple organizational identification levels and the impact of perceived external prestige and communication climate. Journal of Organizational Behavior 28 (2): 173–190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Bhattacharya, C.B., D. Korschun, and S. Sen. 2009. Strengthening stakeholder–company relationships through mutually beneficial corporate social responsibility initiatives. Journal of Business Ethics 85 (2): 257–272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Bolton, L.E., and A.S. Mattila. 2015. How does corporate social responsibility affect consumer response to service failure in buyer–seller relationships? Journal of Retailing 91 (1): 140–153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Brammer, S., and S. Pavelin. 2004. Voluntary social disclosures by large UK companies. Business Ethics: A European Review 13 (2–3): 86–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Carmeli, A. 2005. Perceived external prestige, affective commitment, and citizenship behaviors. Organization Studies 26 (3): 443–464.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Carmeli, A., and A. Freund. 2009. Linking perceived external prestige and intentions to leave the organization: The mediating role of job satisfaction and affective commitment. Journal of Social Service Research 35 (3): 236–250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Carmeli, A., G. Gilat, and J. Weisberg. 2006. Perceived external prestige, organizational identification and affective commitment: A stakeholder approach. Corporate Reputation Review 9 (2): 92–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Carmeli, A., and A. Tishler. 2004. The relationships between intangible organizational elements and organizational performance. Strategic Management Journal 25 (13): 1257–1278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Carroll, A.B. 1991. The pyramid of corporate social responsibility: Toward the moral management of organizational stakeholders. Business Horizons 34 (4): 39–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Clark, M.S., and J. Mills. 1979. Interpersonal attraction in exchange and communal relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 37 (1): 12–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Clark, M.S., and J. Mills. 2012. A theory of communal (and exchange) relationships. In Handbook of theories of social psychology, ed. E.T. Van Lange, P.A.M. Kruglanski, and A.W. Higgins, 232–250. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Ltd.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Cochran, P.L. 2007. The evolution of corporate social responsibility. Business Horizons 50: 449–454.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Dhanesh, G. 2012. The view from within: internal publics and CSR. Journal of Communication Management 16 (1): 39–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Dhanesh, G. 2014. CSR as organization–employee relationship management strategy. Management Communication Quarterly 28 (1): 130–149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Dutton, J.E., J.M. Dukerich, and C.V. Harquail. 1994. Organizational images and member identification. Administrative Science Quarterly 39 (2): 239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Fombrun, C.J. 2005. A world of reputation research, analysis and thinking—Building corporate reputation through CSR initiatives: Evolving standards. Corporate Reputation Review 8 (1): 7–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Fuller, J.B., K. Hester, T. Barnett, L.F.C. Relyea, and C. Relyea. 2006. Perceived organizational support and perceived external prestige: Predicting organizational attachment for university faculty, staff, and administrators. The Journal of Social Psychology 146 (3): 327–347.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Glavas, A., and K. Kelley. 2014. The effects of perceived corporate social responsibility on employee attitudes. Business Ethics Quarterly 24 (2): 165–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Goodpaster, K.E. 1991. Business ethics and stakeholder analysis. Business Ethics Quarterly 1 (1): 53–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Greening, D.W., and D.B. Turban. 2000. Corporate social performance as a competitive advantage in attracting a quality workforce. Business & Society 39 (3): 254–280.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Grunig, J.E., and J.-N. Kim. 2011. Actions speak louder than words: How a strategic management approach to public relations can shape a company’s brand and reputation through relationships. Insight Train 1: 36–51.Google Scholar
- Hall, M. 2006. Corporate philanthropy and corporate community relations: Measuring relationship-building results. Journal of Public Relations Research 18 (1): 1–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Hameed, I., Z. Riaz, G.A. Arain, and O. Farooq. 2016. How do internal and external CSR affect employees’ organizational identification? A perspective from the group engagement model. Frontiers in Psychology 7: 788.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Hermann, S. 2008. Stakeholder based measuring and management of CSR and its impact on corporate reputation. In From customer retention to a holistic stakeholder management system, ed. M. Huber and S. O’Gorman, 51–61. Berlin: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Herrbach, O., K. Mignonac, and A.-L. Gatignon. 2004. Exploring the role of perceived external prestige in managers’ turnover intentions. The International Journal of Human Resource Management 15 (8): 1390–1407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Hon, L.C., and J.E. Grunig. 1999. Guidelines for measuring relationships in public relations. Gainesville, FL: Institute for Public Relations, Commission on PR Measurement and Evaluation.Google Scholar
- Huang, Y.-H. 2001. Values of public relations: Effects on organization–public relationships mediating conflict resolution. Journal of Public Relations Research 13 (4): 265–301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Hung, C.F. 2005. Exploring types of organization–public relationships and their implications for relationship management in public relations. Journal of Public Relations Research 17 (4): 393–426.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Jin, B., and S. Lee. 2013. Enhancing community capacity: Roles of perceived bonding and bridging social capital and public relations in community building. Public Relations Review 39 (4): 290–292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Jones, K., and J.L. Bartlett. 2009. The strategic value of corporate social responsibility: A relationship management framework for public relations practice. PRism 6 (1): 1–16.Google Scholar
- Kang, D., J. Stewart, and H. Kim. 2011. The effects of perceived external prestige, ethical organizational climate, and leader-member exchange (LMX) quality on employees’ commitments and their subsequent attitudes. Personnel Review 40 (6): 761–784.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Kim, D., and M. Choi. 2013. A comparison of young publics’ evaluations of corporate social responsibility practices of multinational corporations in the United States and South Korea. Journal of Business Ethics 113 (1): 105–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Kim, H.S. 2007. A multilevel study of antecedents and a mediator of employee–organization relationships. Journal of Public Relations Research 19 (2): 167–197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Kim, H.-R., M. Lee, H.-T. Lee, and N.-M. Kim. 2010. Corporate social responsibility and employee–company identification. Journal of Business Ethics 95 (4): 557–569.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Kim, J.-N. 2014. Understanding strategic value of good employee relationships and employee communicative actions: For better corporate branding and reputation management. Insight Train 1: 52–69.Google Scholar
- Kim, J., and M. Sung. 2016. The value of public relations: Different impacts of communal and exchange relationships on perceptions and communicative behavior. Journal of Public Relations Research 28 (2): 87–101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Kim, S.-Y., and H. Park. 2011. Corporate social responsibility as an organizational attractiveness for prospective public relations practitioners. Journal of Business Ethics 103 (4): 639–653.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Korschun, D., C.B. Bhattacharya, and S.D. Swain. 2014. Corporate social responsibility, customer orientation, and the job performance of frontline employees. Journal of Marketing 78 (3): 20–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Lee, E.M., S.-Y. Park, and H.J. Lee. 2013. Employee perception of CSR activities: Its antecedents and consequences. Journal of Business Research 66: 1716–1724.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Lee, S., T.W. Lee, and C. Lum. 2008. The effects of employee services on organizational commitment and intentions to quit. Personnel Review 37 (2): 222–237.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Lee, Y. 2017. Exploring the impacts of relationship on employees’ communicative behaviors during issue periods based on employee position. Corporate Communications: An International Journal 22 (4): 542–555.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Lee, Y., and J.N. Kim. 2017. Authentic enterprise, organization–employee relationship, and employee-generated managerial assets. Journal of Communication Management 21 (3): 236–253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Lewis, S. 2003. Reputation and corporate responsibility. Journal of Communication Management 7 (4): 356–366.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Lii, Y.-S., and M. Lee. 2012. Doing right leads to doing well: When the type of CSR and reputation interact to affect consumer evaluations of the firm. Journal of Business Ethics 105 (1): 69–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Lin, C.-P., Y.-H. Tsai, S.-W. Joe, and C.-K. Chiu. 2012. Modeling the relationship among perceived corporate citizenship, firms’ attractiveness, and career success expectation. Journal of Business Ethics 105 (1): 83–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- May, S. 2008. Reconsidering strategic corporate social responsibility: Public relations and ethical engagement of employees in a global economy. In Public relations research, ed. Z. Ansgar, B. van Ruler, and K. Sriramesh, 365–383. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- McShane, L., and P. Cunningham. 2012. To thine own self be true? Employees’ judgments of the authenticity of Their organization’s corporate social responsibility program. Journal of Business Ethics 108 (1): 81–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Mignonac, K., O. Herrbach, and S. Guerrero. 2006. The interactive effects of perceived external prestige and need for organizational identification on turnover intentions. Journal of Vocational Behavior 69 (3): 477–493.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Mills, J., M.S. Clark, T.E. Ford, and M. Johnson. 2004. Measurement of communal strength. Personal Relationships 11: 213–230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Mishra, S.K. 2013. Perceived external prestige and employee outcomes: Mediation effect of organizational identification. Corporate Reputation Review 16 (3): 220–233.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Mirvis, P.H. 2012. Employee engagement and corporate social responsibility (CSR). In The encyclopedia of human resource management (pp. 274–286). San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer: A Wiley Imprint.Google Scholar
- Muthuri, J.N., D. Matten, and J. Moon. 2009. Employee volunteering and social capital: Contributions to corporate social responsibility. British Journal of Management 20 (1): 75–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- O’connor, A., E.A. Paskewitz, D.A. Jorgenson, and J.M. Rick. 2016. How changes in work structure influence employees’ perceptions of CSR: millionaire managers and locked-out laborers. How changes in work structure influence employees’ perceptions of CSR: Millionaire managers and locked-out laborers. Journal of Applied Communication Research 44 (1): 40–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Rego, A., S. Leal, M.P. Cunha, J. Faria, and C. Pinho. 2010. How the perceptions of five dimensions of corporate citizenship and their inter-inconsistencies predict affective commitment. Journal of Business Ethics 94 (1): 107–127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Shen, J., and J. Benson. 2016. When CSR is a social norm: How socially responsible human resource management affects employee work behavior. Journal of Management 42 (6): 1723–1746.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Smidts, A., A.T.H. Pruyn, and C.B.M. Van Riel. 2001. The impact of employee communication and perceived external prestige on organizational identification. Academy of Management Journal 44 (5): 1051–1062.Google Scholar
- Stacks, D., and D. Michaelson. 2010. A practitioner’s guide to public relations research, measurement and evaluation. New York: Business Expert Press LLC.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Turker, D. 2009. Measuring corporate social responsibility: A scale development study. Journal of Business Ethics 85 (4): 411–427.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Vlachos, P.A., N.G. Panagopoulos, and A.A. Rapp. 2013. Feeling good by doing good: Employee CSR-induced attributions, job satisfaction, and the role of charismatic leadership. Journal of Business Ethics 118 (3): 577–588.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Waters, R.D. 2009. Measuring stewardship in public relations: A test exploring impact on the fundraising relationship. Public Relations Review 35: 113–119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar