Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Presence of Cytokines and Growth Factors in Hydrosalpingeal Fluid

  • Published:
Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose:To examine the presence of cytokines and growth factors in hydrosalpingeal fluid.

Methods: Eighteen hydrosalpingeal fluids were compared with 15 follicular fluids and serum samples regarding the presence of interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-12, IL-1α, epidermal growth factor (EGF), granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interferon-γ (IFNγ), and transforming growth factor-β2 (TGFβ2).

Results: IL-8 and EGF were detected in all the hydrosalpinx samples. IL-8, IL-12, IL-1α, TNFα, TGFβ 2, GM-CSF, and LIF were detected to a significantly larger extent in hydrosalpingeal than follicular fluids (p < 0.01). The same cytokines, with the exception of IL-8, TGFβ 2, and LIF, were also more frequently present in comparison with serum.

Conclusion: The abundant presence of cytokines in hydrosalpingeal fluid suggests an increased expression from the tubal epithelium. Whether high concentrations have a negative influence on embryo development and implantation needs further investigation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  1. Zeyneloglu HB, Arici A, Olive DL: Adverse effects of hydros-alpinx on pregnancy rates after in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer. Fertil Steril 1998;70:492–499

    Google Scholar 

  2. Camus E, Poncelet C, Goffinet F, Wainer B, Merlet F, Nisand I, Philippe HJ: Pregnancy rates after IVF in cases of tubal infertility with and without hydrosalpinx: Meta-analysis of published comparative studies. Hum Reprod 1999;14:1243–1249

    Google Scholar 

  3. Andersen AN, Yue Z, Meng FJ, Petersen K: Low implantation rate after in-vitro fertilization in patients with hydrosalpinges diagnosed by ultrasonography. Hum Reprod 1994;9:1935–1938

    Google Scholar 

  4. Fleming C, Hull MGR:Impaired implantation after in vitro fertilization treatment associated with hydrosalpinx. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1996;103:268–272

    Google Scholar 

  5. Katz E, Akman MA, Damewood MD, Garcia JE: Deleterious effect of the presence of hydrosalpinx on implantation and pregnancy rates with in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 1996;66:122–125

    Google Scholar 

  6. Meyer WR, Castelbaum AJ, Somkuti S, Sagoskin AW, Doyle M, Harris JE, Lessey BA: Hydrosalpinges adversely affect markers of endometrial receptivity. Hum Reprod 1997;12:1393–1398

    Google Scholar 

  7. Murray CA, Clarke HJ, Tulandi T, Tan SL: Inhibitory effect of human hydrosalpingeal fluid on mouse preimplantation em-bryonic development is significantly reduced by the addition of lactate. Hum Reprod 1997;12:2504–2507

    Google Scholar 

  8. Granot I, Dekel N, Segal I, Fieldust S, Shoham Z, Barash A: Is hydrosalpinx fluid cytotoxic? Hum Reprod 1998;13:1620–1624

    Google Scholar 

  9. Strandell A, Sjogren A, Bentin-Ley U, Thorburn J, Hamberger L, Brännström M: Hydrosalpinx fluid does not adversely affect the normal development of human embryos and implantation in vitro. Hum Reprod 1998;13:2921–2925

    Google Scholar 

  10. Strandell A, Waldenstrom U, Nilsson L, Hamberger L: Hydrosalpinx reduces in-vitro fertilization/embryo transfer rates. Hum Reprod 1994;9:861–863

    Google Scholar 

  11. Vandromme J, Chasse E, Lejeune B, Van Rysselberge M, Delvigne A, Leroy F: Hydrosalpinges in in-vitro fertilization: An unfavourable prognostic feature. Hum Reprod 1995;10:576–579

    Google Scholar 

  12. Strandell A, Lindhard A, Waldenstrom U, Thorburn J, Janson PO, Hamberger L: Hydrosalpinx and IVF outcome: Aprospective, randomized multicentre trial in Scandinavia on salpingectomy prior to IVF. Hum Reprod 1999;14:2762–2769

    Google Scholar 

  13. Dinarello CA, Wolff SM: The role of interleukin-1 in disease. N Engl J Med 1993;328:106–113

    Google Scholar 

  14. Palter SF, Mulayim N, Senturk L, Arici A: Interleukin-8 in the human fallopian tube. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:2660–2667

    Google Scholar 

  15. Garcia-Velasco JA, Arici A: Interleukin-8 expression in endometrial stromal cells is regulated by integrin-dependent cell adhesion. Mol Hum Reprod 1999;5:1135–1140

    Google Scholar 

  16. Schmid P, Cox D, van der Putten H, McMaster GK, Bilbe G: Expression of TGF-beta s and TGF-beta type II receptor mRNAs in mouse folliculogenesis: Stored maternal TGF-beta 2 message in oocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1994;201:649–656

    Google Scholar 

  17. Zhao Y, Chegini N, Flanders KC: Human fallopian tube expresses transforming growth factor (TGF beta) isoforms, TGF beta type I–III receptor messenger ribonucleic acid and protein, and contains [125I]TGF beta-binding sites. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994;79:1177–1184

    Google Scholar 

  18. Sen GC, Lengyel P: The interferon system. A bird's eye view of its biochemistry. J Biol Chem 1992;267:5017–5020.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Nachtigall MJ, Kliman HJ, Feinberg RF, Olive DL, Engin O, Arici A: The effect of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) on trophoblast differentiation: A potential role in human implantation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996;81:801–806.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Dunglison GF, Barlow DH, Sargent IL: Leukaemia inhibitory factor significantly enhances the blastocyst formation rates of human embryos cultured in serum-free medium. Hum Reprod 1996;11:191–196

    Google Scholar 

  21. Sjöblom C, Wikland M, Robertsson SA. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor promotes human blas-tocyst development in vitro. Hum Reprod 1999;14:3069–3076

    Google Scholar 

  22. Sawin SW, Loret de Mola JR, Monzon-Bordonaba F, Wang CL, Feinberg RF: Hydrosalpinx fluid enhances human trophoblast viability and function in vitro: Implications for embryonic implantation in assisted reproduction. Fertil Steril 1997;68:65–71

    Google Scholar 

  23. Barmat LI, Nasti K, Yang X, Spandorfer S, Kowalik A, El-Roeiy A: Are cytokines and growth factors responsible for the detrimental effects of hydrosalpingeal fluid on pregnancy rates after in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer? Fertil Steril 1999;72:1110–1112

    Google Scholar 

  24. Chen CD, Yang JH, Lin KC, Chao KH, Ho HN, Yang YS: The significance of cytokines, chemical composition, and murine embryo development in hydrosalpinx fluid for predicting the IVF outcome in women with hydrosalpinx. Hum Reprod 2002;17:128–133

    Google Scholar 

  25. Gazvani MR, Bates M, Vince G, Christmas S, Lewis-Jones DI, Kingsland C: Follicular fluid concentrations of interleukin-12 and interleukin-8 in IVF cycles. Fertil Steril 2000;74:953–958

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden

    Annika Strandell, Jane Thorburn & Ann Wallin

Authors
  1. Annika Strandell
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jane Thorburn
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ann Wallin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Strandell, A., Thorburn, J. & Wallin, A. The Presence of Cytokines and Growth Factors in Hydrosalpingeal Fluid. J Assist Reprod Genet 21, 241–247 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JARG.0000042009.93520.15

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JARG.0000042009.93520.15

Search

Navigation