Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Operator Derivation of the Gauge-Invariant Proca and Lehnert Equations; Elimination of the Lorenz Condition

  • Published:
Foundations of Physics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Using covariant derivatives and the operator definitions of quantum mechanics, gauge invariant Proca and Lehnert equations are derived and the Lorenz condition is eliminated in U(1) invariant electrodynamics. It is shown that the structure of the gauge invariant Lehnert equation is the same in an O(3) invariant theory of electrodynamics.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  1. L. H. Ryder, Quantum Field Theory (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1987), 2nd edn.

    Google Scholar 

  2. J. D. Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics (Wiley, New York, 1962).

    Google Scholar 

  3. L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz, Classical Electrodynamics (Pergamon, Oxford, 1975), 4th edn.

    Google Scholar 

  4. T. W. Barrett, in Essays on the Formal Aspects of Electromagnetic Theory, A. Lakhtakia, ed. (World Scientific, Singapore, 1993).

    Google Scholar 

  5. T. W. Barrett and D. M. Grimes, Advanced Electromagnetism (World Scientific, Singapore, 1975).

    Google Scholar 

  6. M. W. Evans, ed., Contemporary Optics and Electrodynamics, a special topical issue in three parts of I. Prigogine and S. A. Rice, series eds., Advances in Chemical Physics (Wiley, New York, 2001, in prep.), Vol. 114; 2nd edn. of M. W. Evans and S. Kielich, eds., Modern Nonlinear Optics, a special topical issue in three parts of I. Prigogine and S. A. Rice, series eds., Advances in Chemical Physics (Wiley, New York, 1992, 1993, 1997 (paperback)), Vol. 85.

  7. M. W. Evans et al., AIAS Group papers, U.S. Department of Energy web site http:—www. ott.doe.gov/electromagnetic/and J. New Energy, special issue.

  8. M. W. Evans et al., AIAS Group paper, Phys. Scripta 61, 79 (2000); Phys. Scripta 61, in press; ibid., Optik, in press (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  9. M. W. Evans and C. R. Keys, eds., The New Electrodynamics, a special issue of Apeiron, Spring 2000.

  10. M. W. Evans et al., AIAS group papers, Found. Phys. Lett. 11, 595 (1998); 12, 187, 251, 373, 475 (1999); ibid., in press (2000).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Advanced Study, Alpha Foundation, Institute of Physics, 11 Rutafa Street, Building H, Budapest, H-1165, Hungary

    P. K. Anastasovski

  2. CTEC Inc., Huntsville, Alabama, 35801-1351

    T. E. Bearden

  3. Institute for Information Technology, Stuttgart University, Stuttgart, Germany

    C. Ciubotariu

  4. Department of Microelectronics and Electrical Engineering, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland

    W. T. Coffey

  5. Department of Physics, Astronomy University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico

    L. B. Crowell

  6. Department of the Environment, Trinity College, Carnarthen, SA3 3EP, United Kingdom

    G. J. Evans

  7. Edward Davies Chemical Laboratories, UK

    M. W. Evans

  8. University College of Wales, Aberystwyth, SY32 1NE, Wales, United Kingdom

    M. W. Evans

  9. JRF, Wolfson College, Oxford, United Kingdom

    M. W. Evans

  10. Applied Science Associates, Temple University Center for Frontier Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

    R. Flower (CEO)

  11. The Boeing Company, Huntington Beach, California

    A. Labounsky

  12. Alfvén Laboratory, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, S-100 44, Sweden

    B. Lehnert

  13. Alpha Foundation, Institute of Physics, 11 Rutafa Street, Building H, Budapest, H-1165, Hungary

    P. R. Molnár

  14. Indian Statistical Institute, Calcutta, India

    S. Roy

  15. Laboratoire de Gravitation et Cosmologie Relativistes, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Tour 22-12, 4ème étage, BP 142, 4, Place Jussieu, 75252, Paris, Cedex 05, France

    J. P. Vigier

Authors
  1. P. K. Anastasovski
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. T. E. Bearden
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. C. Ciubotariu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. W. T. Coffey
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. L. B. Crowell
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. G. J. Evans
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. M. W. Evans
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. R. Flower
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. A. Labounsky
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. B. Lehnert
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. P. R. Molnár
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. S. Roy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  13. J. P. Vigier
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Anastasovski, P.K., Bearden, T.E., Ciubotariu, C. et al. Operator Derivation of the Gauge-Invariant Proca and Lehnert Equations; Elimination of the Lorenz Condition. Foundations of Physics 30, 1123–1129 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003608721569

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003608721569

Keywords

Search

Navigation