Abstract
This research is part of a larger study of the Brazilian species that are commonly referred to as “quinas” and used as substitute of Cinchona species. In this study, we have performed the botanical characterization of the stem bark of Remijia ferruginea (A. St.-Hil.) DC, Rubiaceae, by morphological and anatomical description, and the analysis of its chemical profile. Stem bark is thin and has the color and the texture of its external and internal surfaces as diagnostic features. Types and sizes of sclerified cells in the cortical parenchyma and in the secondary phloem are important features for analysis of the transversal sections and in the macerate. Alkaloids, flavonoids and chlorogenic acid were detected in the chemical analysis for TLC. These standard references can be used in the quality control of the bark of quinas.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Andrade-Neto, V.F., Brandão M.G.L., Stehmann J.R., Oliveira L., Krettli A.U., 2003. Antimalarial activity of Cinchona-like plants used to treat fever and malaria in Brazil. J. Ethnopharmacol. 87, 253–256.
Arana, G.V., Mesía, L.R., Mesía, W.R., Reina M., 2011. Estudio químico de la corteza de Remijia peruviana “Cascarilla”. Cienc. Amaz. 1, 41–49.
Botion, L.M., Ferreira A.V.M., Côrtes S.F.C., Lemos V.S., Braga, F.C., 2005. Effects of the Brazilian phytopharmaceutical product Ierobina® on lipid metabolism and intestinal tonus. J. Ethnopharmacol. 102, 137–142.
Botsaris, A.S., 2007. Plants used traditionally to treat malaria in Brazil: the archives of Flora Medicinal. J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomed. 3, 18–21.
Brandão M.G.L., Cosenza G.P., Grael, F.F., Netto Junior N.L., Monte-Mór R.L.M., 2009. Traditional uses of American plant species from the 1st edition of Brazilian Official Pharmacopoeia. Rev. Bras. Farmacogn. 19, 478–487.
British Pharmacopoeia, 2009. Her Majesty’s Stationary Office, London.
Coelho V.P.M., Leite J.P.V., Nunes L.G., Ventrella, M.C., 2012. Anatomy, histochemistry and phytochemical profile of leaf and stem bark of Bathysa cuspidata (Rubiaceae). Austral. J. Bot. 60, 49–60.
Corrêa, M.P., 1984. Dicionário de plantas úteis do Brasil e das exóticas cultivadas, vol. 6. Rio de Janeiro, Di Giorgio.
Cosenza, G.P., Somavilla N.S., Fagg, C.W., Brandão M.G.L., 2013. Bitter plants used as substitutive of Cinchona spp. (quina) in Brazilian traditional medicine. J. Ethnopharmacol. 149, 790–796.
Costa, A.F., 1982. Farmacognosia, vol. 3. Calouste Gulbenkian, Lisboa.
Delprete, P.G., Cortés, B.R., 2006. A synopsis of the Rubiaceae of the states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul B.a.i., with a key to genera, and a preliminary species list. Rev. Biol. Neotrop. 3, 13–96.
Díaz, J.G., Sazatornil J.G., Rodríguez, M.L., Mesía, L.R., Arana G.V., 2004. Five new alkaloids from the leaves of Remijia peruviana. J. Nat. Prod. 67, 1667–1671.
Dondorp, A.M., Nosten F., Yi P., Das D., Phyo A.P., Tarning J., Lwin K.M., Ariey F., Hanpithakpong W., Lee S.J., Ringwald P., Silamut K., Imwong M., Chotivanich K., Lim P., Herdman T., An S.S., Yeung S., Singhasivanon P., Day N.P.J., Lindegardh N., Socheat D., White N.J., 2009. Artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. N. Engl. J. Med. 361, 455–467.
Gardner, R.O., 1975. Vanillin-hydrochloric acid as a histochemical test for tannin. Biotech. Histochem. 50, 315–317.
Gabe M., 1968. Techniques histologiques. Masson & Cie, Paris.
Gerlach D., 1984. Botanische Mikrotechnik. Thieme, Stuttgart.
Gilg E., Brandt W., 1926. Farmacognosia: matéria farmacéutica vegetal y animal. Labor, Barcelona.
Gontijo, D.C., Nunes L.G., Souza C.J.A., Fietto L.G., Leite J.P.V., 2012. Evaluation of the genotoxic potential of ethanolic extracts of stem bark and leaves of Bathysa cuspidata (A. St.-Hil.) Hook. Rev. Cienc. Farm. Basica Apl. 33, 355–359.
Hofheinz W., Merkli B., 1984. Quinine and quinine analogues. In: Peters W., Richards, W.H.G. (Eds.), Antimalarial Drug II: Current Antimalarial and New Drug Developments. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
INCT, 2014. Herbário Virtual da Flora edosFungos, http://inct.splink.org.br [accessed 23.11.14].
Johansen, D.A., 1940. Plant Microtechnique. Macgraw-Hill Book Company, New York.
Junikka L., 1994. Survey of English macroscopy bark terminology. IAWAJ. 15, 3–45.
Kaur K., Jain M., Kaur T., Jain R., 2009. Antimalarials from nature. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 17, 3229–3256.
Kraus, J.E., Arduim M., 1997. Manual básico de métodos em morfologia vegetal. EDUR, Rio de Janeiro.
Lindley J., 1838. Flora Medica; a botanical account of all the more important plants used in medicine, in different parts of the world. Longman, Orme, Brown, Green-sand Longmans L.n.o., pp. 429.
Paiva J.G.A., Fank-de-Carvalho, S.M., Magalhães, M.P., Graciano-Ribeiro D., 2006. Verniz vitral incolor 500®: uma alternativa de meio de montagem economicamente viável. Acta Bot. Bras. 20, 257–264.
Palhares, R.M., Drummond M., Brasil, B.S.A.F., Krettli A.U., Oliveira, G.C., Brandão M.G.L., 2014. Molecular identification associated to chemical and biological activity to evaluate species of Brazilian quina, used as substitute of Cinchona spp. J. Ethnopharmacol. 155, 815–822.
Richter, H.G., Mazzoni-Viveiros, S.C., Alves E.S., Luchi, A.E., Costa C.G., 1996. Padronizacão de critérios para a descricão anatômica da casca: lista de características e glossário de termos. IF-Sér. Reg. S. Paulo 16, 1–25.
Ruiz-Mesia L., Ruiz-Mesia, L.W., Reina M., Martínez-Dias R., Guadanõ, A., Gonzalez-Coloma A., 2005. Bioactive cinchona alkaloids from Remijia peruviana. J. Agric. Food Chem. 53, 1921–1926.
Saint-Hilaire A., 2014. Plantas usuais dos brasileiros. Fino Traco Editora Ltda, Belo Horizonte.
Sass, J.E., 1951. Botanical Microtechnique. The Iowa State College Press, Ames.
Silva, R.A.D., 1926. Farmacopéia dos Estados Unidos do Brasil, 1a.ed. IndústriaGráfica Siqueira, São Paulo, http://www.anvisa.gov.br/hotsite/farmacopeiabrasileira/publicacoes/1_edicao.pdf.
Somavilla, N.S., Cosenza G.P., Fagg, C.W., Brandão M.G.L., 2013. Morpho-anatomy and chemical profile of native species used as substitutes of quina (Cinchona spp.) in Brazilian traditional medicine. Part I: Polyouratea hexasperma. Rev. Bras. Farmacogn. 23, 592–599.
Zappi D., 2014. Remijia in Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Available in http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/jabot/floradobrasil/FB26089 [accessed 20.11.14].
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Authors’ contribution
NSS contributed in anatomy and histochemical studies. MGLB is the coordinator of the research and GPC has done the chromatographic analyses. CWF contributed in collecting plant material, identification and herbarium confection. All the authors have read the final manuscript and approved the submission.
Rights and permissions
This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
About this article
Cite this article
Somavilla, N.S., Cosenza, G.P., Fagg, C.W. et al. Morpho-anatomy and chemical profile of native species used as substitute of quina (Cinchona spp.) in Brazilian traditional medicine. Part II: Remijia ferruginea. Rev. Bras. Farmacogn. 27, 153–157 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2016.09.005
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2016.09.005