Abstract
The petrographic and geochemical composition of the Dharla River sediments has been examined to infer their sediment type, degree of weathering, provenance, and tectonic settings. Petrographically the sediments are characterized by the high quartz content (64.97 to 74.24 wt%), followed by feldspar (7.04 to 15.20 wt%), mica (5.38 to 19.92 wt%), lithic fragment (3.46 to 8.14 wt%), and heavy minerals (1.98 to 6.94 wt%). Geochemical composition shows marked enrichment of SiO2 (mean ~ 74.16%) and a strong negative correlation with the other major oxides because of quartz dilution. The Chemical index of alteration (CIA, 45.52 to 63.51); Plagioclase index of alteration (PIA, 43.13 to 66.55); W index (20.15 to 32.86) and Rb/Sr ratios (0.35 to 0.98) suggest low to moderate intensity of chemical weathering in the source area. Geochemical classifications of the studied samples show mostly litharenitic immature type of sediments also reflects high index of compositional variability (ICV, 0.96 to 1.72). The ternary diagrams of Al2O3–(CaO + Na2O)–K2O (or A–CN–K) and of mafic rocks, felsic rocks and degree of weathering of the source rocks (or MFW) and several immobile trace element ratios (e.g. light rare earth element/Light rare earth element or LREE /HREE, Eu/Eu*, LaN/LuN, La/Sc, La/Co, Th/Sc, and Th/Co) reflect the contribution of common felsic source rock, with the composition close to average rhyolite, granodiorite, and granite. Chondrite‐normalized rare earth element (REE) pattern shows high LREE enrichments and almost flat HREE pattern with a sharp negative Eu anomaly suggesting a felsic source provenance and characteristically supports the Himalayan source rocks compositions seemingly observed in both active and passive continental margins. The geochemical nature of weathering patterns manifests the Dharla somewhat of mass distributor en route the Brahmaputra to the global ocean.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge Sudeb Chandra Das for his instructive comments in data analyzing, and the IMMM staff for their valuable contribution in sample collection and obtaining data in the lab. We would like to express our special acknowledgment to Priyadarsi D. Roy for his constructive and valuable reviews to enhance the quality of the manuscript. Finally, we would like to thank Mst. Arifa Akter for her cordial support offering imperative suggestions to build up the manuscript.
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Communicated by M. V. Alves Martins.
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Supplementary file 1: Online Resource 1
Mineralogical weight percentage in the bulk sediments of the Dharla River.
Supplementary file 2: Online Resource 2
Major element (in wt%) and trace element (in ppm) compositions along with CIA (Chemical index of alteration), PIA (Plagioclase index of alteration), W (Source rock weathering index), ICV (Index of compositional variability), and element ratios of the Dharla River sediments.
Supplementary file 3: Online Resource 3
Rare earth elements (REE; in ppm) composition and element ratios of the Dharla River sediments.
Supplementary file 4: Online Resource 4
Pearson’s correlation matrix using geochemical parameters of clastic sediment collected from the different locations along the Dharla River.
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Rahman, M.M., Hasan, M.F., Hasan, A.S.M.M. et al. Chemical weathering, provenance, and tectonic setting inferred from recently deposited sediments of Dharla River, Bangladesh. J. Sediment. Environ. 6, 73–91 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43217-020-00046-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43217-020-00046-z