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Performance Evaluation of Distance Relay in the Presence of Voltage Source Converters-Based HVDC Systems

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Abstract

Voltage source converters (VSC)-based high voltage direct current (HVDC) link is an economical option for the long distance bulk power transmission, and it can be used to interconnect the offshore wind farms with an AC grid. Due to the penetration of VSC-HVDC system into the AC grid, the performance of the distance relay gets affected when a transmission line close to the point of common coupling (PCC) subjected to power system disturbances. In such condition, the PCC voltage is increased due to the VSC-HVDC control action, that causes the Zone-2 fault can be seen as a Zone-3 fault. As a result, the miscoordination of Zone-2 protection can occur in the distance relays. This paper presents both the analytical and simulation studies carried out on a VSC-HVDC system influence on the distance relay performance under fault conditions using PSCAD/EMTDC. Simulation results show that the presence of VSC-HVDC system greatly affects the performance of the Zone-2 and Zone-3 relay in an AC transmission line. Besides, the maloperation of the Zone-2 and Zone-3 relay is mitigated by varying the AC voltage reference input of the decoupled d-q controller of VSC-HVDC. Also, the effect of fault resistance on Zone-1 ground relay performance is analyzed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka (NITK), Surathkal, Mangalore, India

    M. Mohan & K. Panduranga Vittal

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  1. M. Mohan
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  2. K. Panduranga Vittal
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Correspondence to M. Mohan.

Appendix

Appendix

Mho relay zone setting calculation:

Positive sequence impedance is given by,

$$Z_{1} = 0.423966868\angle 85.32710681^{ \circ } \; = \left( {0.034539303 + {\text{j}}0.422557619} \right) \varOmega /{\text{km}}$$

Zero sequence impedance is given by,

$$Z_{0} = 1.177029529\angle 75.34458819^{ \circ } \; = \left( {0.297794508 + {\text{j}}1.138734799} \right) \varOmega / {\text{km}}$$

Zero sequence compensation factor (k) is calculated as,

$$k = \frac{{Z_{0} - Z_{1} }}{{Z_{1} }} = 1.799737023\angle - 15.50972219^{ \circ }$$

Positive sequence impedance for 200 km line is given by,

$$\begin{aligned} & = 200 \times \left( {0.423966868\angle 85.32710681^{ \circ } } \right) \\ & = 84.7933736\angle 85.32710681^{ \circ } \\ & = \left( {6.907860686 + {\text{j}}84.51152387} \right) \varOmega \\ \end{aligned}$$

Zone-1 reach setting is calculated as,

$$\begin{aligned} & = 0.8 \times \left( {84.7933736\angle 85.32710681^{ \circ } } \right) \\ & = 67.83469888\angle 85.32710681^{ \circ } \\ & = \left( {5.526288549 + j67.6092191} \right) \varOmega \\ \end{aligned}$$

Zone-1 mho circle radius

$$\begin{aligned} & = 33.91734944\angle 85.32710681^{ \circ } \\ & = \left( {2.763144275 + j33.80460955} \right) \varOmega \\ \end{aligned}$$

Zone-2 reach setting is calculated as,

$$\begin{aligned} & = 1.2 \times \left( {84.7933736\angle 85.32710681p} \right) \\ & = 101.7520483\angle 85.32710681p \\ & = \left( {8.289432822 + j101.4138286} \right) \varOmega \\ \end{aligned}$$

Zone-2 mho circle radius

$$\begin{aligned} & = 50.87602415\angle 85.32710681^{ \circ } \\ & = \left( {4.144716411 + j50.70691431} \right) \varOmega \\ \end{aligned}$$

Zone-3 reach setting is calculated as,

$$\begin{aligned} & = 2.2 \times \left( {84.7933736\angle 85.32710681^{ \circ } } \right) \\ & = 186.5454219\angle 85.32710681^{ \circ } \\ & = \left( {15.19729351 + j185.9253525} \right) \varOmega \\ \end{aligned}$$

Zone-3 mho circle radius

$$\begin{aligned} & = 93.27271096\angle 85.32710681^{ \circ } \\ & = \left( {7.598646755 + j92.96267626} \right)\varOmega \\ \end{aligned}$$

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Mohan, M., Vittal, K.P. Performance Evaluation of Distance Relay in the Presence of Voltage Source Converters-Based HVDC Systems. J. Electr. Eng. Technol. 14, 69–83 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42835-018-00026-4

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