Abstract
Purpose
Piezoelectric thin film power generators are one of the future scopes of alternative energy-harvesting sources. In this paper, a wind-driven thin film piezoelectric energy harvester is explored and reported for both parallel and reticulate venation as well as for without venation.
Methodology
The proposed harvester consists of a triangular-shaped cantilever, triangular leaf-like piezoelectric microthin film (PEMF) and a cantilever. The free end of the cantilever is fixed to the PEMF which is capable of harvesting wind energy by vibration. The leaf-like PEMF structure is 122 μm thick, made up of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) coated with silver ink electrode on either side. In this work, the influence of wind velocity, vein structure and cantilever length on overall performance of the system is investigated experimentally.
Conclusion
It is seen that under favorable conditions, leaf with reticulate venation showed more than 10% increase in voltage output than in parallel venation. It is found that an increase in cantilever length leads to a substantial increase in voltage output by promoting early onset of flutter. At a velocity of 10 m/s, a maximum open circuit voltage of 1.90 V and power output of 1.2 μW are obtained for L/Lb=1 for reticulate venation PEMF leaf.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Jung HJ, Song Y, Hong SK, HoYang CH, Hwang SJ, Jeong SY (2015) Design and optimization of piezoelectric impact-based micro wind energy harvester for wireless sensor network. Sens Actuators A Phys 222:314–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2014.12.010
Junlei W, Shengxi Z, Zhang Z, Daniil Y (2019) High-performance piezoelectric wind energy harvester with Y-shaped attachments. Energy Convers Manag 181:645–652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2018.12.034
Li Y, Wang Q, Wang H, Tian J, Cu H (2019) Novel Ag2O nanoparticles modified MoS2 nanoflowers for piezoelectric-assisted full solar spectrum photocatalysis. J Colloid Interface Sci 537:206–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2018.11.013
Montgomery DS, Hewitt CA, Carroll DL (2016) Hybrid thermoelectric piezoelectric generator. Appl Phys Lett 108:263901. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4954770
Zhao J, Zheng X, Zhou L, Zhang Y, Sun J, Dong W, Deng S, Peng S (2012) Investigation of a d 15 mode PZT-51 piezoelectric energy harvester with a series connection structure. Smart Mater Struct 21:8. https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/21/10/105006
Yoo R, Ahn CW, Cho KH (2018) 15 Mode piezoelectric composite and its application in a magnetoelectric laminate structure. J Alloys Compd 767:61–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.07.084
Abdelkefi A, Haji MR, Nayfeh AH (2012) Power harvesting from transverse galloping of square cylinder. Nonlinear Dyn 70:1355–1363. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-012-0538-4
Parkinson G (1989) Phenomena and modelling of flow-induced vibrations of bluff bodies. Prog Aerosp Sci 26:169–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/0376-0421(89)90008-0
Li S, Lipson H (2009) Vertical-stalk flapping-leaf generator for wind energy harvesting. In: Proceedings of the ASME 2009 conference on smart materials, adaptive structures and intelligent systems
Kluger JM, Moona FC, Rand RH (2013) Shape optimization of a blunt body vibro-wind galloping oscillator. J Fluid Struct 40:185–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2013.03.014
Varadha E, Rajakumar S (2018) Performance improvement of piezoelectric materials in energy harvesting in recent days—a review. J Vibroeng 7:2632–2650. https://doi.org/10.21595/jve.2018.19434
Oh SJ, Han HJ, Han SB, Lee JY, Chun WG (2010) Development of a tree-shaped wind power system using piezoelectric materials. Int J Energy Res 34:431–437. https://doi.org/10.1002/er.1644
Zhang J, Fang Z, Shu C, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Li C (2017) A rotational piezoelectric energy harvester for efficient wind energy harvesting. Sens Actuators A 262:123–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2017.05.027
Jung HJ, Song Y, Hong SK, Yang CH, Hwang SJ, Sung TH (2014) Increasing the durability of piezoelectric impact-based micro wind generator in real application. Proc Eng 87:1210–1213
Taufik T, Thornton J, Dolan D (2012) Piezoelectric converter for wind energy harvesting. In: 2012 Ninth international conference on information technology—new generations. https://doi.org/10.1109/ITNG.2012.38.
Chao CY, Min G, Wei-bo YU, Lei Z (2013) Modeling and simulation of triangle cantilever piezoelectric vibrator. Appl Mech Mater 347:1616–1620
Magal C, Scholler M, Tautz J, Cases J (2000) The role of leaf structure in vibration propagation. J Acoust Soc Am 108:2412–2418. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1286098
Tadrist L, Julio K, Saudreau M, Langre ED (2015) Leaf flutter by torsional galloping: experiments and model. J Fluids Struct 56:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2015.04.001
Hoffman JA, Wertheimer T (2000) Cantilever beam vibrations. J Sound Vib 229:1269–1276. https://doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.1999.2572
Corson F, Adda-Bedia M, Boudaoud A (2009) In silico leaf venation networks: growth and reorganization driven by mechanical forces. J Theor Biol 259:440–448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2009.05.002
Niklas KJ (2002) A mechanical perspective on foliage leaf form and function. New Phytol 143:19–31. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.1999.00441.x
Price CA, Wing S, Weitz JS (2012) Scaling and structure of dicotyledonous leaf venation networks. Ecol Lett 15:87–95. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01712.x
Li M, Kang J (2018) Plant species selection based on leaf vibration experiments. In: IOP Conference series: materials science and engineering, vol 371, pp 012038. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/371/1/012038
Larese MG, Namias R, Craviotto RM, Arango MR, Gallo C, Granitto PM (2014) Automatic classification of legumes using leaf vein image features. Pattern Recognit 47:158–168
Frank G, Woias P (2008) Characterization of different beam shapes for piezoelectric energy harvesting. J Micromech Microeng 18:104013. https://doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/18/10/104013
Enrico L, Díaz S, Westoby M, Rice BL (2016) Leaf mechanical resistance in plant trait databases: comparing the results of two common measurement methods. Ann Bot 117:209–214. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcv149
Wang X, Dong J, Zhang P, Feng Y (2010) Study on galloping critical wind velocity of high-rise structure. In: International conference of logistics engineering and management (ICLEM).
Wang X, Dong J, Zhang P, Feng Y (2010) Study on galloping critical wind velocity of high-rise structure. In: International conference of logistics engineering and management (ICLEM)
An X, Song B, Tian W, Ma C (2018) Design and CFD simulations of a vortex-induced piezoelectric energy converter (VIPEC) for underwater environment. Energies 11:330. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11020330
Portoles JF, Cumpson PJ, Hedley J, Allen S, Williams PM, Tendler SJB (2006) Accurate velocity measurements of AFM-cantilever vibrations by Doppler Interferometry. J Exp Nanosci 1:51–62. https://doi.org/10.1080/17458080500411999
Zhou Z, Qin W, Zhu P, Shang S (2018) Scavenging wind energy by a Y-shaped bi-stable energy harvester with curved wings. Energy 153:400–412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.04.035
Li T, Chen YH, Ma J (2007) Frequency dependence of piezoelectric vibration velocity. Sens Actuators A 138:404–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2007.05.024
Bahrami MN, Arani MK, Saleh NR (2011) Modified wave approach for calculation of natural frequencies and mode shapes in arbitrary non-uniform beams. Scientia Iranica 18:1088–1094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scient.2011.08.004
Felix E, Gang W, Brian C (2014) Experimental investigation of galloping piezoelectric energy harvesters with square bluff bodies. Smart Mater Struct 23:104012. https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/23/10/104012
Wang J, Zhaeo G, Zhang M, Zhang Z (2018) Efficient study of a coarse structure number on the bluff body during the harvesting of wind energy. Energy Sources Part A Recovery Util Environ Effects 40:1788–1797. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2018.1486916
Sanchitha F, Michael A, Jason C (2007) Improved cantilever profiles for sensor elements. J Phys D Appl Phys 40:7652–7655. https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/40/24/009
Wang W, He X, Wang X, Wang M, Xue K (2018) Bioinspired structure modification of piezoelectric wind energy harvester based on the prototype of leaf veins. Sens Actuators A. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2018.06.059
Wang J, Geng L, Ding L, Zhu H, Yurchenko D (2020) The state-of-the-art review on energy harvesting from flow-induced vibrations. Appl Energy 267:114902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114902R
Funding
This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Varadha, E., Kumar, S.R. & Jain, X.S.A. Wind-Driven Leaf-Like Thin-Film Piezoelectric Harvester for Low Wind Applications. J. Vib. Eng. Technol. 9, 1005–1022 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42417-020-00279-2
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42417-020-00279-2