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Epidemiology and Prevalence of Gout in Mainland China: an Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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Abstract

Gout is a common inflammatory joint disease. Although China is a developing country, it is an ethnically diverse country with regional economic disparities. To date, there are limited studies that investigated the gout prevalence from representative populations in mainland China. Therefore, we performed an updated systematic review and meta-analysis in order to comprehensively review all the relevant published data that reported the prevalence of gout in mainland China from 1998 to 2019. The electronic databases including PubMed and Medline were searched for peer-reviewed articles published in the selected period. Meta-analyses were conducted by using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. After screening and checking for eligibility, we included 67 articles with a total of > 394,768 participants. The pooled estimate of prevalence in the general population was 1.6% (95% CI, 1.2–2.2%). Gout prevalence rates varied from 0.8 to 5% by regions. The lowest and highest prevalence of gout was found in the Northwest (0.8%) and Southwest (5.0%), respectively. The prevalence rate was higher in males than in females (1.9% (95% CI, 1.5–2.4%) vs. 0.5% (95% CI, 0.3–0.8%) (P < 0.001). All funnel plots were symmetrical and no indication of publication bias was observed for all analyses. In conclusion, the prevalence of gout was reported to be on the rise. In addition, the burden of gout is also increasing in China. With the increasing aging populations and obesity rate in mainland China, the evidence from this updated systematic review and meta-analysis will be significant to prompt for optimizing management and treatment of gout at individual and population levels.

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Funding

The authors would like to thank Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University for providing support and funding for this hyperuricemia project (SURF code no. 76). The funder had no role in the design of this study and will not have any role during its execution, analyses, interpretation of the data, or decision to submit results. Jiayun Huang would like to thank her parents for providing continuous support in her studies.

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  1. Jiayun Huang and Zheng Feei Ma contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China

    Jiayun Huang & Zheng Feei Ma

  2. School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia

    Zheng Feei Ma & Yeong Yeh Lee

  3. Department of Nutrition, School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, China

    Ying Tian

  4. Gut Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Yeong Yeh Lee

  5. St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2217, Australia

    Yeong Yeh Lee

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  1. Jiayun Huang
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Contributions

Conceptualization, Z.F.M.; methodology, Z.F.M. and J.H.; formal analysis, Z.F.M., J.H., Y.T., and Y.Y.L.; writing—original draft preparation, Z.F.M. and J.H.; writing—review and editing, Z.F.M., J.H., Y.T., and Y.Y.L.; funding acquisition, Z.F.M.

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Correspondence to Zheng Feei Ma or Yeong Yeh Lee.

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Huang, J., Ma, Z.F., Tian, Y. et al. Epidemiology and Prevalence of Gout in Mainland China: an Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. SN Compr. Clin. Med. 2, 1593–1606 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42399-020-00416-8

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