Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Collaborating to Meet the Needs of Alternative Certification Teachers Using Formative Design

  • Published:
Journal of Formative Design in Learning Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A nation-wide teacher shortage in the 1980s popularized the alternative route to teacher certification. However, this solution is limited by the costly high attrition rates of these teachers. Using a formative research process to determine the needs of alternative certification teachers, we surveyed teachers in one school district to assess their coursework needs, preferences for course delivery methods, and requirements for state certification assessments to determine the feasibility of establishing a collaborative partnership between a college of education and a school district. Using descriptive statistics to analyze the results, respondents indicated the highest needs for credits in classroom management and educational assessment. Virtual courses were the preferred delivery method, and the majority of respondents indicated a preference for short summer courses. Finally, the majority of respondents indicated a need to pass the certification exam for professional education. Based on the results, the college of education and school district have needed information to establish a collaborative partnership to meet the needs of the teachers with alternative certification, ultimately impacting student learning.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adcock, P. K., & Mahlios, M. (2005). Nontraditional alternative teacher certification programs: their purpose, design and participants. Essays in Education, 15, 60–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen, D. G. (2006). Retaining talent: a guide to analyzing and managing employee turnover (SHRM Foundation’s effective practice guidelines series). Alexandria: Society for Human Resources Management.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allensworth, E., Ponisciak, S., & Mazzeo, C. (2009). The schools teachers leave: teacher mobility in Chicago public schools (Research Report). Chicago: Consortium on Chicago School Research. Retrieved from ERIC database. (ED505882).

  • Aragon, S. (2016). Teacher shortages: what we know. Education Commission of the States, 1–12. Retrieved from https://www.ecs.org/wp-content/uploads/Teacher-Shortages-What-We-Know.pdf. Accessed 7 Feb 2018.

  • Bosma, L. M., Sieving, R. E., Ericson, A., Russ, P., Cavender, L., & Bonine, M. (2010). Elements for successful collaboration between K-8 school, community agency, and university partners: the lead peace partnership. Journal of School Health, 80(10), 501–507. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.2010.00534.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brantlinger, A., & Smith, B. (2013). Alternative teacher certification and the new professionalism: the pre-service preparation of mathematics teachers in the New York City Teaching Fellows program. Teachers College Record, 115(7), 1–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brindley, R., & Parker, A. (2010). Transitioning to the classroom: reflections of second-career teachers during the induction year. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice, 16(5), 577–594. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2010.507967.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carver-Thomas, D., & Darling-Hammond, L. (2017). Teacher turnover: why it matters and what we can do about it. Palo Alto, CAL: Learning Policy Institute. Retrieved from http://learningpolicyinstitute.org/sites/default/files/product-files/Teacher_Turnover_REPORT.pdf. Accessed 7 Feb 2018.

  • Chase, B. (2000). Show us the money. NEA Today, 18(7), 5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Creswell, J. W. (2003). Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dana, N. F. (2010). Teacher quality, job-embedded professional development, and school-university partnerships. Teacher Education and Practice, 23(3), 321–325.

    Google Scholar 

  • Darling-Hammond, L. (2001). The challenge of staffing our schools. Educational Leadership, 58(8), 12–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Darling-Hammond, L., & Youngs, P. (2002). Defining “highly qualified teachers:” what does “scientifically-based research” actually tell us? Educational Researcher, 31(9), 13–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Darling-Hammond, L., Holtzman, D. J., Gatlin, S. J., & Heilig, J. V. (2005). Does teacher preparation matter? Evidence about teacher certification, teach for America, and teacher effectiveness. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 13(42), 1–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Donitsa-Schmidt, S., & Zuzovsky, R. (2016). Quantitative and qualitative teacher shortage and the turnover phenomenon. International Journal of Educational Research, 77, 83–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2016.03.005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Easley, J., II. (2006). Alternative route urban teacher retention and implications for principals’ moral leadership. Educational Studies, 32(3), 241–249. https://doi.org/10.1080/03055690600631176.

  • Florida Department of Education. (2017). FTCE test structure information. Retrieved from http://www.fldoe.org/core/fileparse.php/5627/urlt/FTCE-Test-Structure.pdf. Accessed 7 Feb 2018.

  • Foote, M. Q., Brantlinger, A., Haydar, H. N., Smith, B., & Gonzalez, L. (2011). Are we supporting teacher success: Insights from an alternative route mathematics teacher certification program for urban public schools. Education and Urban Society, 43(3), 396–425. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013124510380420.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • General and Professional Preparation, Fla. Admin. (2016). Code Ann. r. 6A-4.006.

  • Hawley, W. D. (1992). The theory and practice of alternative certification: implication for the improvement of teaching. Peabody Journal of Education, 67(3), 3–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/01619569009538690.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holen, M. C., & Yunk, D. C. (2014). Benefits of 25 years of school district-university partnerships to improve teacher preparation and advance school renewal. Educational Considerations, 42(1), 49–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Humphrey, D. C., Wechsler, M. E., & Hough, H. J. (2008). Characteristics of effective alternative teacher certification programs. Teachers College Record, 110(4), 1–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ingersoll, R. M. (2001). Teacher turnover and teacher shortages: an organizational analysis. American Educational Research Journal, 38(3), 499–534.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, S. M. (2006). Finders and keepers: helping new teachers survive and thrive in our schools. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jorissen, K. T. (2002). Retaining alternate route teachers: the power of professional integration in teacher preparation and induction. The High School Journal, 86(1), 45–56. https://doi.org/10.1353/hsj.2002.0018.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kee, A. N. (2012). Feelings of preparedness among alternatively certified teachers: what is the role of program features? Journal of Teacher Education, 63(1), 23–38. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022487111421933.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, A. M., Gningue, S. M., & Qian, G. (2015). First-year urban mathematics and science middle school teachers: classroom challenges and reflective solutions. Education and Urban Society, 47(2), 132–159. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013124513489147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kenny, R. F. (2017). Introducing journal of formative design in learning. Journal of Formative Design in Learning, 1(1), 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41686-017-0006-0.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koehler, A., Feldhaus, C. R., Fernandez, E., & Hundley, S. P. (2013). Alternative certification programs & pre-service teacher preparedness. Journal of STEM Education: Innovations and Research, 14(4), 45–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levy, A. J., Joy, L., Ellis, P., Jablonski, E., & Karelitz, T. M. (2012). Estimating teacher turnover costs: a case study. Journal of Education Finance, 38(2), 102–129.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis-Spector, J. (2016). State-level regulations for alternative routes to teacher certification in the U.S.: are candidates being prepared to develop their students’ literacy? Literacy Practice & Research, 42(1), 5–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linek, W. M., Sampson, M. B., Haas, L., Sadler, D., Moore, L., & Nylan, M. C. (2012). The impact of teacher preparation: a study of alternative certification and traditionally prepared teachers in their first year of teaching. Issues in Teacher Education, 21(2), 67–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ludlow, C. (2013). Alternative certification pathways: filling a gap? Education and Urban Society, 45(4), 440–458. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013124511413916.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, A. (2016). Stepping up support for new teachers. Educational Leadership, 73(8), 60–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nagy, C. J., & Wang, N. (2007). The alternate route teachers’ transition to the classroom: preparation, support, and retention. NASSP Bulletin, 91(1), 98–113. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192636506299153.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Newberry, M., & Alsopp, Y. (2017). Teacher attrition in the USA: the relational elements in a Utah case study. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice, 23(8), 863–880. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2017.1358705.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ng, J., & Thomas, K. (2007). Cultivating the cream of the crop: a case study of urban teachers from an alternative teacher education program. Action in Teacher Education, 29(1), 3–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/01626620.2007.10463435.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nulty, D. D. (2008). The adequacy of response rates to online and paper surveys: what can be done? Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 33(3), 301–314. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602930701293231.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Connor, E. A. (2007). A case study of the approach to teaching and to technology of three new teachers in an alternative teacher certification program. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 35(3), 357–382. https://doi.org/10.2190/0801-2767-1K07-2J67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pazyura, N. (2015). Development of teachers’ alternative certification in the USA. Comparative Professional Pedagogy, 5(4), 33–38. https://doi.org/10.1515/rpp-2015-0062.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Proweller, A., & Mitchener, C. P. (2004). Building teacher identity with urban youth: voices of beginning middle school science teachers in an alternative certification program. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 41(10), 1044–1062. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.20036.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roth, D., & Swail, W. S. (2000). Certification and teacher preparation in the United States. Pacific Resources for Education and Learning. Retrieved from http://www.educationalpolicy.org/pdf/PREL%20Certification.pdf.

  • Scribner, J. P., & Heinen, E. (2009). Alternative teacher certification: a program theory analysis. Teacher Education Quarterly, 36(2), 179–197.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Department of Education. (2004). New No Child Left Behind flexibility: Highly qualified teachers. Retrieved from http://www.ed.gov/nclb/methods/teachers/hqtflexibility.html.

  • Unruh, L., & Holt, J. (2010). First-year teaching experiences: are they different for traditionally versus alternatively certified teachers? Action in Teacher Education, 32(3), 3–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/01626620.2010.10463555.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wayman, J. C., Foster, A. M., Mantle-Bromley, C., & Wilson, C. A. (2003). A comparison of the professional concerns of traditionally prepared and alternatively licensed new teachers. The High School Journal, 86(3), 35–40. https://doi.org/10.1353/hsj.2003.0005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Woods, J. R. (2016). Mitigating teacher shortages: alternative teacher certification. Education Commission of the States, 1–7. Retrieved from https://www.ecs.org/wp-content/uploads/Mitigating-Teacher-Shortages-Alternative-Certification.pdf.

  • Zhang, G., & Zeller, N. (2016). A longitudinal investigation of the relationship between teacher preparation and teacher retention. Teacher Education Quarterly, 43(2), 73–92.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Christopher M. Parfitt.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare they have no conflict of interest.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Parfitt, C.M., Rose, A.L. Collaborating to Meet the Needs of Alternative Certification Teachers Using Formative Design. J Form Des Learn 2, 49–55 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41686-018-0017-5

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41686-018-0017-5

Keywords

Navigation