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Middle Norian conodonts from the Buda Hills, Hungary: an exceptional record from the western Tethys

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Abstract

Purpose

Recent biostratigraphic investigations of pelagic dolomites in the Buda Hills area, Hungary provided unique Middle Norian conodont assemblages. Due to the poorly represented Tethyan record of similar faunas and the present state of our knowledge of Alaunian conodonts, finer age assignment could not have been carried out. The purpose of this study is to discuss the natural cause (sedimentary, tectonic and paleoecological) and artificial biases (lumping taxonomy and inadequate figuration) that led to a scarce representation of the Alaunian conodont record. Further aims are to present here several taxonomic, systematic, and biostratigraphic notes on the Middle Norian conodonts based on the rich material recovered.

Methods

Rock samples were processed using standard dissolution technique of dilute acetic acid. Scanning micro-photographs were taken of the conodont specimens from three views.

Results

Remarks are added to the problematic species Epigondolella abneptis and Mockina postera, and some aspects for improvement of the Middle Norian conodont biostratigraphy are suggested. Detailed systematic descriptions of 3 genera and 15 species are given. The observed faunas include 5 previously unknown forms, namely Epigondolella aff. vialovi, Mockina aff. matthewi, M. aff. postera, M. aff. spiculata and Mockina sp. A. The Tethyan occurrence of Epigondolella transitia, a transitional Lower/Middle Norian conodont species previously known only from North America, is documented.

Conclusions

The assemblage lets an insight into the main characteristics of the Lacian/Alaunian faunal turnover and into the evolutionary trends that resulted in the origination of the last representatives of conodonts of the Sevatian and the Rhaetian. The new conodont record of the Buda Hills highlights the fact that Alaunian conodonts are less known among Upper Triassic faunas. This work suggests the route of the future studies for a more precise and global applicability of conodonts in the Middle Norian biostratigraphy.

Resúmen

Objetivo

Recientes investigaciones bioestratigráficas de dolomitas pelágicas en el área de las Colinas de Buda, Hungría ofrecen ensamblajes únicos de conodontos del Noriense Medio. Debido a la poca representación del registro Tetiano de faunas similares, y al actual estado de nuestro conocimiento de conodontos Alaunienses, una asignación de edad más precisa no habría podido llevarse a cabo. El propósito de este estudio es examinar las causas naturales (sedimentarias, tectónicas y paleoecológicas) y sesgos artificiales (taxonomía de agrupamiento y figuración inadecuada) que condujeron a la escasa representación del registro de conodontos Alaunienses. Otro objetivo es exponer varias observaciones taxonómicas, sistemáticas y bioestratigráficas sobre conodontos del Noriense Medio, basadas en el rico material recuperado.

Métodos

Muestras de rocas fueron procesadas usando la técnica de disolución estándar con ácido acético diluido. Se escanearon micrografías de los ejemplares de conodontos desde tres vistas.

Resultados

Se añaden observaciones a las especies problemáticas Epigondolella abneptis y Mockina postera, y se sugieren algunos aspectos para la mejora de la bioestratigrafía de los conodontos del Noriense Medio. Se proporcionan descripciones sistemáticas detalladas de 3 géneros y de 15 especies. Las faunas observadas incluyen 5 formas anteriormente desconocidas, a saber, Epigondolella aff. vialovi, Mockina aff. matthewi, M. aff. postera, M. aff. spiculata y Mockina sp. A. Se documenta la ocurrencia Tetiana de Epigondolella transitia, una especie de conodonto transitoria del Noriense Inferior/Medio, anteriormente documentada solo en Norteamérica.

Conclusiones

La asignación contribuye a comprender las características fundamentales del volumen de fauna Laciense/Alauniense, y las tendencias evolutivas que resultaron en la creación de los últimos representantes de conodontos del Sevatiense y del Rhaetiense. El nuevo registro de conodontos de las Colinas de Buda pone de manifiesto que los conodontos Alaunienses son menos conocidos entre las faunas del Triásico Superior. Este trabajo sugiere vías para futura investigación sobre una aplicación más precisa y global de los conodontos en la bioestratigrafía del Noriense Medio.

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Fig. 1

(modified after Haas et al. 2000)

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Acknowledgements

I thank my supervisors, Dr. Ágnes Görög and Dr. János Haas for their helpful guidance during the preparation of the present study. I thank very much Dr. Michele Mazza and Dr. Manuel Rigo for their careful reviews of the manuscript. I am grateful to Dr. Tea Kolar-Jurkovšek for the useful discussions on Norian conodonts and for giving me an insight to Slovenian conodont faunas of this age. I would like to thank Agostino Rizzi and Dr. Michele Mazza (Milan, Italy) and Dr. Krisztina Buczkó and Dr. Attila Virág (Budapest, Hungary) for their help in taking the SEM photographs. Special thank to Katherine Baque Manzaba for providing the Spanish abstract. First samples from localities A, C and D were provided by Pál Pelikán. Sampling of the cave section was enabled by Magdolna Virág and the Ariadne Association of Karst and Cave Research. The research was funded by the Hantken Miksa Foundation and the OTKA K113013 project.

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  1. Department of Palaeontology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1/c Pázmány Péter sétány, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary

    Viktor Karádi

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Karádi, V. Middle Norian conodonts from the Buda Hills, Hungary: an exceptional record from the western Tethys. J Iber Geol 44, 155–174 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41513-017-0009-3

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