Abstract
The transport characteristics of a space charge-dominated multi-species deuterium beam consisting of \( D_{1}^{ + } \), \( D_{2}^{ + } \), and \( D_{3}^{ + } \) particles in an electrostatic low-energy beam line are studied. First, the envelope equations of the primary \( D_{1}^{ + } \) beam are derived considering the space charge effects caused by all particles. Second, the evolution of the envelope of the multi-species deuterium beam is simulated using the PIC code TRACK, with the results showing a significant effect of the unwanted beam on the transport of the primary beam. Finally, different injected beam parameters are used to study beam matching, and a new beam extraction system for the existing duoplasmatron source is designed to obtain the ideal injected beam parameters that allow a \( D_{1}^{ + } \) beam of up to 50 mA to pass unobstructed through the electrostatic low-energy beam transport line in the presence of an unwanted (\( D_{2}^{ + } \), \( D_{3}^{ + } \)) beam of 20 mA; at the same time, distortions of the beam emittance and particle distributions are observed.
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This work was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. lzujbky-2017-93), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 11375077, 11027508, and 21327801), and the National Key Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development Projects (No. 2013YQ04086101).
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Lu, XL., Zhang, Y., Wang, JR. et al. Transport characteristics of space charge-dominated multi-species deuterium beam in electrostatic low-energy beam line. NUCL SCI TECH 29, 51 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-018-0384-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-018-0384-2