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Efficacy of indigenous Trichoderma harzianum in controlling Phytophthora leaf fall (Phytophthora palmivora) in Thai rubber trees

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Abstract

Phytophthora leaf fall disease in rubber trees is serious and is known to cause a reduction in both the quantity and quality of rubber latex in Thailand. This experiment was conducted to improve the effectiveness of controlling rubber leaf fall disease in indigenous Trichoderma harzianum. The results indicate that the T. harzianum strain FR-NST-009, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of rubber trees, is more effective at inhibiting the mycelial growth of P. palmivora (66.22%) than the Thai commercial strain T. harzianum CB-Pin-01 (63.51%) with a dual culture technique. This result is clear from the mycoparasitism of the T. harzianum strain FR-NST-009 under scanning electron microscope. Moreover, the ethyl acetate crude extracts of the T. harzianum strain FR-NST-009 with a 500 µg ml−1 concentration provided the most efficient mycelial inhibition of P. palmivora by 92.42%. Four bioactive compounds isolated from crude extract and compound 3 provided the highest inhibition of sporangium germination by 98.83%. Compound 3 was then identified as 6-n-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Under field conditions, the T. harzianum strains of RB-NST-028 and FR-NST-009 were able to control leaf fall disease with no significant difference compared with metalaxyl fungicide after inoculation with P. palmivora for 120 days.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Office of the Higher Education Commission, Thailand Fund (Grant No. 10/2553) and Walailak University Fund (Grant No. WU58701).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Tropical Fruit Research Unit, School of Agricultural Technology, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand

    Athakorn Promwee, Montree Issarakraisila & Warin Intana

  2. Faculty of Agricultural Technology and Industrial Technology, Nakhon Sawan Rajabhat University, Nakhon Sawan, 60000, Thailand

    Punnawich Yenjit

  3. Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand

    Chiradej Chamswarng

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  1. Athakorn Promwee
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Correspondence to Warin Intana.

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Promwee, A., Yenjit, P., Issarakraisila, M. et al. Efficacy of indigenous Trichoderma harzianum in controlling Phytophthora leaf fall (Phytophthora palmivora) in Thai rubber trees. J Plant Dis Prot 124, 41–50 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-016-0051-y

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