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An epidemiological and spatiotemporal analysis to identify high risk areas of malaria in Visakhapatnam district of Andhra Pradesh, India, 1999–2015

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Abstract

Malaria is a major public health problem in Vishakhapatnam district of Andhra Pradesh, India. To understand malaria prevalence a retrospective surveillance study was conducted in the district from 1995 to 2015. A total of 204,229 malaria cases were reported from 1999 to 2015. Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax are the major parasites that accounted for 66.8% and 33.2% of the total cases. Tribal population (67%) affected more than the coastal population (33%). Similarly, males were affected (56%) more than female (44%) populace and the highest prevalence was observed in > 15 years age group (83.74%). The spatial analysis reveals that the distribution of malaria is having high spatial autocorrelation (0.231 to 0.493) and scan statistics declare that the malaria cases were significantly clustered in spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal distribution. The most likely spatiotemporal cluster of malaria (LLR = 26,562.24, RR = 6.62, P < 0.001) occurred in the Northern part of the district covering 11 mandals with the time frame from April 2010 to September 2015. The results confirm that the presence of spatial and space–time clusters concentrated in the North and North-eastern region of the district, which contribute for better understanding of disease spreading dynamics in high-risk areas for future malaria prevention and control.

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Acknowledgements

The authors Srinivasa Rao Mutheneni, Sriram Kumaraswamy, Madhusudhan Rao Kadiri and Rajasekhar Mopuri are grateful to the Director of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad for his encouragement and support. Srinivasa Rao Mutheneni acknowledges Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change (MoEF & CC), Government of India for funding the project environmental information system (ENVIS: Resource Partner on Climate Change and Public Health). Rajasekhar Mopuri acknowledge the DST-INSPIRE for providing the fellowship. The authors also acknowledged the district malaria officer, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh for providing the Visakhapatnam malaria data.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ENVIS Resource Partner on Climate Change and Public Health, Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 007, India

    Rajasekhar Mopuri, Srinivasa Rao Mutheneni, Sriram Kumaraswamy & Madhusudhan Rao Kadiri

  2. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India

    Rajasekhar Mopuri & Srinivasa Rao Mutheneni

  3. National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, 781032, India

    Suryanarayana Murty Upadhyayula

  4. School of Public Health and Social Work and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia

    Suchithra Naish

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  1. Rajasekhar Mopuri
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Correspondence to Srinivasa Rao Mutheneni.

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We declare that the malaria case data in this study was collected from Health department, Vishakhapatnam district of Andhra Pradesh and was analyzed anonymously; no particular patient by name was involved.

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Mopuri, R., Mutheneni, S.R., Kumaraswamy, S. et al. An epidemiological and spatiotemporal analysis to identify high risk areas of malaria in Visakhapatnam district of Andhra Pradesh, India, 1999–2015. Spat. Inf. Res. 27, 659–672 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41324-019-00267-z

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