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Integration of Waste Valorization for Sustainable Production of Chemicals and Materials via Algal Cultivation

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Abstract

Managing waste is an increasing problem globally. Microalgae have the potential to help remove contaminants from a range of waste streams and convert them into useful biomass. This article presents a critical review of recent technological developments in the production of chemicals and other materials from microalgae grown using different types of waste. A range of novel approaches are examined for efficiently capturing CO2 in flue gas via photosynthetic microalgal cultivation. Strategies for using microalgae to assimilate nitrogen, organic carbon, phosphorus, and metal ions from wastewater are considered in relation to modes of production. Generally, more economical open cultivation systems such as raceway ponds are better suited for waste conversion than more expensive closed photobioreactor systems, which might have use for higher-value products. The effect of cultivation methods and the properties of the waste streams on the composition the microalgal biomass is discussed relative to its utilization. Possibilities include the production of biodiesel via lipid extraction, biocrude from hydrothermal liquefaction, and bioethanol or biogas from microbial conversion. Microalgal biomass produced from wastes may also find use in higher-value applications including protein feeds or for the production of bioactive compounds such as astaxanthin or omega-3 fatty acids. However, for some waste streams, further consideration of how to manage potential microbial and chemical contaminants is needed for food or health applications. The use of microalgae for waste valorization holds promise. Widespread implementation of the available technologies will likely follow from further improvements to reduce costs, as well as the increasing pressure to effectively manage waste.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31501493) and “Young Eastern Scholar program” at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning (QD2015047).

Author information

Author notes

  1. Yong Chen, Li-ping Sun and Zhi-hui Liu equally contributed to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China

    Yong Chen, Li-ping Sun, Zhi-hui Liu & Zheng Sun

  2. Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China

    Yong Chen, Li-ping Sun, Zhi-hui Liu & Zheng Sun

  3. National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China

    Yong Chen, Li-ping Sun, Zhi-hui Liu & Zheng Sun

  4. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia

    Greg Martin

Authors
  1. Yong Chen
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  2. Li-ping Sun
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  3. Zhi-hui Liu
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  4. Greg Martin
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  5. Zheng Sun
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zheng Sun.

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Yong Chen, Li-ping Sun, Zhi-hui Liu, Greg Martin, and Zheng Sun approved the manuscript.

Conflict of Interest

Yong Chen, Li-ping Sun, Zhi-hui Liu, Greg Martin, and Zheng Sun declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

This article is part of the Topical Collection “Chemistry and Chemical Technologies in Waste Valorization”; edited by Carol Sze Ki Lin.

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Chen, Y., Sun, Lp., Liu, Zh. et al. Integration of Waste Valorization for Sustainable Production of Chemicals and Materials via Algal Cultivation. Top Curr Chem (Z) 375, 89 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41061-017-0175-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41061-017-0175-y

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