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Application of Radiation Chemistry to Some Selected Technological Issues Related to the Development of Nuclear Energy

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An Erratum to this article was published on 18 October 2016

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Abstract

The most important contributions of radiation chemistry to some selected technological issues related to water-cooled reactors, reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive wastes, and fuel evolution during final radioactive waste disposal are highlighted. Chemical reactions occurring at the operating temperatures and pressures of reactors and involving primary transients and stable products from water radiolysis are presented and discussed in terms of the kinetic parameters and radiation chemical yields. The knowledge of these parameters is essential since they serve as input data to the models of water radiolysis in the primary loop of light water reactors and super critical water reactors. Selected features of water radiolysis in heterogeneous systems, such as aqueous nanoparticle suspensions and slurries, ceramic oxides surfaces, nanoporous, and cement-based materials, are discussed. They are of particular concern in the primary cooling loops in nuclear reactors and long-term storage of nuclear waste in geological repositories. This also includes radiation-induced processes related to corrosion of cladding materials and copper-coated iron canisters, dissolution of spent nuclear fuel, and changes of bentonite clays properties. Radiation-induced processes affecting stability of solvents and solvent extraction ligands as well oxidation states of actinide metal ions during recycling of the spent nuclear fuel are also briefly summarized.

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Fig. 1

Reprinted with permission from Ref. [34]

Fig. 2

Reprinted with permission from Ref. [44]

Fig. 3

Reprinted with permission from ref [86]

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Fig. 6

Reprinted with permission from [233]

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  • 18 October 2016

    An erratum to this article has been published.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the US Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Science under award number DE-FC02-04ER15533 (KB), the Euratom-Fission Collaborative Project SACSESS, FP7-Fission-2012-323282, co-financed by the Grant No. 2924/7. PR-EURATOM/2013/2 donated by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Poland) (TS), and the Strategic Research Project P/J/7/170071/12 financed by the National Research and Development Centre (KS). One of us (KB) would like to thank Professor Ian Carmichael for his hospitality during the stay. This is document number NDRL-5116 from the Notre Dame Radiation Laboratory.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre of Radiation Research and Technology, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195, Warsaw, Poland

    Krzysztof Bobrowski, Konrad Skotnicki & Tomasz Szreder

  2. Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA

    Krzysztof Bobrowski

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  1. Krzysztof Bobrowski
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  2. Konrad Skotnicki
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  3. Tomasz Szreder
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Correspondence to Krzysztof Bobrowski.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection “Applications of Radiation Chemistry”; edited by Margherita Venturi, Mila D’Angelantonio.

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Bobrowski, K., Skotnicki, K. & Szreder, T. Application of Radiation Chemistry to Some Selected Technological Issues Related to the Development of Nuclear Energy. Top Curr Chem (Z) 374, 60 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41061-016-0058-7

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