Abstract
Salvia limbata is a medicinal plant of the Lamiaceae family that is naturally distributed in various regions of Iran and neighboring countries. In the current evaluation, the leaf blade and petiole anatomical variables were examined in eight Iranian S. limbata populations to explore their taxonomic significance and interpopulation variations. The evaluated populations were harvested from three subprovinces of the Irano-Turanian province. The plant samples were fixed in formaldehyde 90%, ethanol 5%, acetic acid 5% solution, and the hand cross sections of the blade and petiole were double stained with carmine and methylene blue. Data were analyzed using PAST ver. 2.1 and findings revealed that all qualitative variables were invariable between populations, except for the shape of the leaf blade and the epidermal cells of the petiole. Most quantitative traits varied among the considered populations by principal component analysis (PCA) and divided the investigated characteristics into seven components, where two first components had more than 80% of the total variation. In PCA loading, most of the characteristics assessed were negatively correlated. According to UPGMA dendrogram and PCA plot, the populations were clustered into three groups. The PCA biplot revealed the distinct characteristic(s) for each classified group. The clustering patterns of these populations were not in agreement with the geographical distance and phytogeographic similarity between the populations. Several anatomical characteristics were found similar to those recorded in some Lamiaceae genera and lacked taxonomic value, whereas others had taxonomic importance at the infraspecific level. According to a phytogeographic survey and a previous study of molecular genetic diversity, it can be suggested that genetic background can create enough anatomical adaption in populations of S. limbata to establish itself in a wide range of habitats. Meanwhile, the microhabitat has a powerful influence on the anatomical structure.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akçin ÖE, Binzet R (2010) The micromorphological and anatomical properties of Onosma angustissimum Hausskn. & Bornm. and O. cassium Boiss. (Boraginaceae). Bangladesh J Plant Taxon 17(1):1–8. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v17i1.5386
Akçin Ö, Özyurt S, Senel G (2011) Petiole anatomy of some Lamiacaea Taxa. J Bot 43:1437–1443
Alemy SH, Karami M, Hossini E, Ebrahimzadeh MA, Shahbi Majd N (2012) Antinociceptive activity and effect of methanol extract of Salvia limbata on withdrawal syndrome in mice. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 16:38–42
Bosabalidis AM, Kokkini S (2008) Infraspecific variation of leaf anatomy in Origanum vulgare grown wild in Greece. Bot J Linn Soc 123(4):353–362. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1997.tb01424.x
Derroire G, Powers JS, Hulshof CM, Cardenas Varela LE, Healey JR (2018) Contrasting patterns of leaf trait variation among and within species during tropical dry forest succession in Costa Rica. Sci Rep 8:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-18525-1
Duarte MDR, Lopes JF (2007) Stem and leaf anatomy of Plectranthus neochilus Schltr., Lamiaceae. Rev Bras Farmacogn 17(4):549–556
Ecevit-Genç G, Büyükkılıç-Altınbaşak B, Özcan T, Dirmenci T (2018) Comparative anatomical studies of some Teucrium sect. Teucrium species: Teucrium alyssifolium Stapf, Teucrium brevifolium Schreb. and Teucrium pestalozzae Boiss. (Lamiaceae). PhytoKeys 96:63–77. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.96.24498
Essiett UA (2010) Petiole anatomy for systematic purposes in Eremomastas polysperma, Justicia insularis and Asystacia gangetica (Acanthaceae). World J Appl Sci Tech 2(1):69–75
Fakhry AM, El-Keblawy A, Shabana SA, El-Gamal I, Shalouf A (2019) Microhabitats affect population size and plant vigor of three critically endangered endemic plants in southern Sinai Mountains, Egypt. Land 8:86. https://doi.org/10.3390/land8060086
Fu H, Yuan G, Zhong J, Cao T, Ni L, Xie P (2013) Environmental and ontogenetic effects on intraspecific trait variation of a macrophyte species across five ecological scales. PLOS ONE 8:e62794-1. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0062794
Jamzad Z (2012) Flora of Iran, no. 76, Lamiaceae. Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands, Tehran
Johansen DA (1940) Plant microtechnique. McGraw, New York
Koohdar F, Sheidai M, Talebi SM, Noormohammadi Z, Ghasemzadeh-Baraki S (2016) Genetic diversity, population structure and morphological variability in the Lallemantia royleana (Lamiaceae) from Iran. Phyol Balc 22(1):29–38
Làzaro-Nogal A, Matesanz S, Godoy A, Pérez-Trautman F, Gianoli E, Valladares F (2015) Environmental heterogeneity leads to higher plasticity in dry-edge populations of a semi-arid Chilean shrub: insights into climate change responses. J Ecol 103:338–350. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12372
Mahdieh M, Talebi SM, Akhani M (2018) Infraspecific essential oil and anatomical variations of Salvia nemorosa L. (Labiatae) populations in Iran. Ind Crops Prod 123:35–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.06.061
Matesanz S, Valladares F (2014) Ecological and evolutionary responses of Mediterranean plants to global change. Environ Exp Bot 103:53–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/jenvexpbot.2013.09.004
Metcalfe CR, Chalk L (1972) Anatomy of dicotyledons II. Clarendon Press, Oxford
Mojzes A, Kalapos T, Virágh K (2005) Leaf anatomical plasticity of Brachypodium pinnatum (L.) Beauv. growing in contrasting microenvironments in a semiarid loess forest-steppe vegetation mosaic. Community Ecol 6(1):49–56
Nejadhabibvash F, Rezaei-Chiyaneh E, Pirzad A (2017) Anatomy of Salvia limbata in relation to altitudinal gradient in West Azerbaijan (Iran). Int J Hortic Sci 4(2):205–216
Nicotra AB, Atkin OK, Bonser SP, Davidson AM, Finnegan EJ, Mathesius U et al (2010) Plant phenotypic plasticity in a changing climate. Trends Plant Sci 15:684–692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2010.09.008
Ogundare CS, Saheed SA (2012) Foliar epidermal characters and petiole anatomy of four species of Citrus L. (Rutaceae) from south-western Nigeria. Bangladesh J Plant Taxon 19(1):25–31. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v19i1.10938
Özdemir A, Özdemir AY, Yetisen K (2016) Statistical comparative petiole anatomy of Salvia sp. Planta Daninha 34(3):465–474
Pachauri RK, Mayer L (eds) (2014) Climate change: synthesis report. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva
Pachauri RK, Meyer LA (2014) IPCC climate change: synthesis report. In: Mach KJ, Planton S, von Stechow C (eds) Contribution of working groups I, II and III to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change-annex II: glossary. IPCC, Geneva, pp 117–130
Podani J (2000) Introduction to the exploration of multivariate biological data. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden
Ramírez-Valiente JA, Valladares F, Aranda I (2014) Exploring the impact of neutral evolution on intrapopulation genetic differentiation in functional traits in a long-lived plant. Tree Genet Genomes 10:1181–1190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-014-0752-y
Rechinger KH (1982) Flora Iranica Vol 150 (Lamiaceae). Akademische Druck and Verlagsanstalt, Graz
Saheed SA, Illoh HC (2010) A taxonomic study of some species in Cassinae (Leguminosae) using leaf epidermal characters. Not Bot Hort Agrobot Cluj 38(1):21–27. https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha3813490
Satil F, Kaya A (2007) Leaf anatomy and hairs of Turkish Satureja L. (Lamiaceae). Acta Biol Cracov Bot 49(1):67–76
Souza ML, Duarte AA, Lovato MB, Fagundes M, Valladares F, Lemos-Filho JP (2018) Climatic factors shaping intraspecific leaf trait variation of a neotropical tree along a rainfall gradient. PLOS ONE 13(12):e0208512. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0208512
Srinual A, Thammathaworn A (2008) Leaf anatomy of Vatica L. (Dipterocarpaceae) in Thailand. Nat Hist J Chulalongkorn Uni 8(2):121–134
Tabaripour R, Sheidai M, Talebi SM, Noormohammadi Z (2018) Genetic divergence and speciation within Ziziphora capitata (Lamiaceae): molecular and micromorphological evidences. Biodiversitas 19:667–675. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190250
Talebi SM (2021) Leaf anatomical evaluation of some Nepeta L., taxa in Iran. Iran J Sci Technol Trans Sci 45:1211–1222. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40995-021-01128-x
Talebi SM, Matsyura A (2020) Genetic variability and population structure of some Iranian Salvia limbata C. A. Mey. populations. Ecol Montenegrina 29:56–65. https://doi.org/10.37828/em.202029.9
Talebi SM, Salahi Isfahani G, Azizi N (2014) Inter and intrapopulation variations in Stachys inflate Benth. Based on phenotype plasticity (an ecological and phytogeographical review). Int Res J Biol Sci 3(2):9–20
Talebi SM, Yadegari P, Behzadpour S, Matsyura A (2019) Infraspecific morphological variations of Salvia limbata in Iran. Acta Biol Sib 5(1):113–121. https://doi.org/10.14258/abs.v5.i1.5209
Talebi SM, Behzadpour S, Yadegari P, Ghorbanpour M (2020) Trichome structures and characterization of essential oil constituents in Iranian populations of Salvia limbata C.A. Meyer. Iran J Sci Technol Trans Sci 45:41–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40995-020-01017-9
Tepe EJ, Vincent MA, Watson LE (2007) The importance of petiole structure on inhabitability by ants in Piper sect. Macrostachys (Piperaceae). Bot J Linn Soc 153:181–191. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2006.00601.x
Tilney PM, Kok PDF, van Wyk AE (1990) The taxonomic significance of anatomical characters of the leaf in the southern African species of Canthium s.l. (Rubiaceae). S Afr J Bot 56(3):363–382. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0254-6299(16)31066-3
Ulubelen A, Topcu G, Sönmez U, Eriş C, Özgen U (1996) Norsesterterpenes and diterpenes from the aerial parts of Salvia limbata. Phytochemistry 43(2):431–434. https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00248-8
Zohary M (1973) Geobotanical foundations of the Middle East. Geobotanica Selecta, vol 3. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart
Funding
No fund.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
SMT: Provided some samples and wrote the manuscript. AVM: analyzed the data. SB: Performed the experiments and analyzed the data. RT: Reviewed the manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Talebi, S.M., Matsyura, A., Behzadpour, S. et al. Infraspecific Anatomical Study of Salvia limbata C. A. Mey. (Lamiaceae) in Iran. Iran J Sci 47, 347–357 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40995-023-01422-w
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40995-023-01422-w