Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have drawn wide attention due to the rapidly rising efficiency which presently attains over 23%. However, problems of instability continue to plague the high-efficiency devices impairing their practical applications. Here, by firstly introducing smaller-size NH4+ into (FAPbI3)0.85(MAPbBr3)0.15 (FA/MA) to form a novel 2D- 3D mixed structure, we designed and prepared new-type hybrid perovskite materials of [(NH4)2.4(FA)n−1PbnI3n+1.4]0.85 (MAPbBr3)0.15 (n=3, 5, 7, 9 and 11) (A/FA/MA) and used them as absorber in solar cells. Especially, unlike the reported 2D/MD perovskite perovskites based on larger-size ammonium salts; A/FA/MA perovskites are the first to display red-shift light absorption and decreased band gaps in comparison to normal perovskites. Consequently, when n=9, the A/FA/MA device shows outstanding performance with a solar to electric power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.25% and negligible hysteresis. When the encapsulated A/FA/MA perovskite device was soaked in full sunlight for 1,000 h, the PCE remains almost unchanged. Moreover, the unsealed A/FA/MA PSCs maintain 90% of their initial PCE when aged at high humidity conditions over the same 1000-h time period. Our findings provide a guide for the future development of such novel perovskites and it is helpful to select more suitable ammonium salt to obtain highly efficient and stable 2D-3D PSCs.
摘要
钙钛矿太阳电池因其快速增长的效率而引起了广泛关注, 但不稳定性极大的影响了它的实际应用. 这里, 我们首次将小尺寸的NH4+引入三维钙钛矿中, 制备了新型的二维/三维混合钙钛矿材料. 特别地, 与文献报道的二维钙钛矿不同的是, 新型的二维/三维混合钙钛矿是首个显示光学性能红移和带隙减少的. 当n=9时, 电池显示出优越的光伏性能, 效率达到了18.25%, 且具有可忽略的迟滞. 封装的电池在 标准的AM 1.5G光照下放置1000小时后, 效率没有明显降低. 在高湿度条件下老化1000小时, 未封装的电池保持了90%的初始效率. 这些发现为发展新型钙钛矿材料提供了指导, 有助于获得高效稳定的二维钙钛矿太阳电池.
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Acknowledgements
This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFA0202401) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51572080). The authors thank Trina Solar which provided the stability measurements and data of unsealed solar-cell devices under the humidity RH ~80% in SI.
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Haiying Zheng received her BSc degree from Hefei University of Technology in 2014. She is currently pursuing her PhD degree in the University of Science and Technology of China. Her current main research is perovskite solar cells.
Xu Pan received his PhD degree from the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2007. He joined Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and was promoted to full professor in 2013. Now his research interests focus on the new generation solar cells, including dye-sensitized solar cells and perovskite solar cells, etc.
Songyuan Dai is a professor and Dean of the School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University. He obtained his BSc degree in physics from Anhui Normal University in 1987, and MSc and PhD degrees in plasma physics from the Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1991 and 2001. His research interests mainly focus on next-generation solar cells including dye-sensitized solar cells, quantum dot solar cells, perovskite solar cells, etc.
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New-Type Highly Stable 2D/3D Perovskite Materials: The Effect of Introducing Ammonium Cation on Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells
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Zheng, H., Dai, S., Zhou, K. et al. New-type highly stable 2D/3D perovskite materials: the effect of introducing ammonium cation on performance of perovskite solar cells. Sci. China Mater. 62, 508–518 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-018-9343-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-018-9343-1