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Advanced carbon materials for flexible and wearable sensors

碳材料基柔性可穿戴传感器

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Abstract

Flexible and wearable sensors have drawn extensive concern due to their wide potential applications in wearable electronics and intelligent robots. Flexible sensors with high sensitivity, good flexibility, and excellent stability are highly desirable for monitoring human biomedical signals, movements and the environment. The active materials and the device structures are the keys to achieve high performance. Carbon nanomaterials, including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, carbon black and carbon nanofibers, are one of the most commonly used active materials for the fabrication of high-performance flexible sensors due to their superior properties. Especially, CNTs and graphene can be assembled into various multi-scaled macroscopic structures, including one dimensional fibers, two dimensional films and three dimensional architectures, endowing the facile design of flexible sensors for wide practical applications. In addition, the hybrid structured carbon materials derived from natural bio-materials also showed a bright prospect for applications in flexible sensors. This review provides a comprehensive presentation of flexible and wearable sensors based on the above various carbon materials. Following a brief introduction of flexible sensors and carbon materials, the fundamentals of typical flexible sensors, such as strain sensors, pressure sensors, temperature sensors and humidity sensors, are presented. Then, the latest progress of flexible sensors based on carbon materials, including the fabrication processes, performance and applications, are summarized. Finally, the remaining major challenges of carbon-based flexible electronics are discussed and the future research directions are proposed.

摘要

摘要近年来, 柔性传感器因其在可穿戴电子设备和智能系统中的广阔应用前景而备受关注. 柔性可穿戴传感器具有高灵敏度、 良好的 机械柔性、 优异的稳定性、 人体友好性等特点, 在人体运动与生理信号监测、 环境因素检测等方面具有极大的应用潜力. 一般而言, 柔性 传感器的性能主要取决于敏感材料的选择与器件的结构设计. 得益于其优异的性能和灵活多样的组装结构与形貌>碳材料是目前应用最 广泛的敏感材料之一. 根据需求, 纳米碳材料可组装为各类宏观结枸, 比如一维的纤维, 二维的薄膜和三维的块体结构>从而可用于制备各 种柔性传感器以适应不同的需求.此外, 通过规模化、 低成本的高温碳化工艺可以将天然生物质材料转化为柔性、 导电碳材料, 并用于高 性能柔性传慼器制备. 本文针对碳材料在柔性器件中的应用, 综述了各类碳材料的制备方法与结构特点,并重点介绍了其柔性可穿戴传慼 器的制备与性能. 第一部分简要介绍了柔性传感器与碳材料; 第二部分概述了四类典型柔性传感器的工作原理与性能特点; 第三部分详细 综述了一维、 二维和三维碳材料的制备方法与其在柔性传感器的组装、 性能与应用方面的最新研究进展; 最后, 总结了碳基柔性传感器 领域的发展现状, 讨论了该领域所面临的挑战及其未来前景.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51672153, 51422204 and 51372132) and the National Key Basic Research and Development Program (2016YFA0200103 and 2013CB228506).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

    Muqiang Jian  (蹇木强), Chunya Wang  (王春雅), Qi Wang  (王琪), Huimin Wang  (王惠民), Kailun Xia  (夏凯伦), Zhe Yin  (闳哲), Mingchao Zhang  (张明超), Xiaoping Liang  (梁晓平) & Yingying Zhang  (张莹莹)

  2. Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

    Muqiang Jian  (蹇木强), Chunya Wang  (王春雅), Qi Wang  (王琪), Huimin Wang  (王惠民), Kailun Xia  (夏凯伦), Zhe Yin  (闳哲), Mingchao Zhang  (张明超), Xiaoping Liang  (梁晓平) & Yingying Zhang  (张莹莹)

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  1. Muqiang Jian  (蹇木强)
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  2. Chunya Wang  (王春雅)
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  3. Qi Wang  (王琪)
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  4. Huimin Wang  (王惠民)
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  5. Kailun Xia  (夏凯伦)
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  6. Zhe Yin  (闳哲)
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  7. Mingchao Zhang  (张明超)
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  8. Xiaoping Liang  (梁晓平)
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  9. Yingying Zhang  (张莹莹)
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yingying Zhang  (张莹莹).

Additional information

Muqiang Jian received his BS degree in chemical engineering and technology from Northwestern Polytechnical University in 2013. Now he is a PhD candidate in Prof. Yingying Zhang’s group at the Department of Chemistry and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics of Tsinghua University. His current research is the synthesis of CNTs and their applications in flexible sensors. Yingying

Yingying Zhang received her PhD degree from Peking University in 2007. She then worked as a postdoctoral fellow at Los Alamos National Laboratory, US (2008–2011). Currently, she is an associate professor at the Department of Chemistry and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics of Tsinghua University. Her research interest is the synthesis of carbon materials and their applications in flexible sensors and wearable electronics.

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Jian, M., Wang, C., Wang, Q. et al. Advanced carbon materials for flexible and wearable sensors. Sci. China Mater. 60, 1026–1062 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-017-9077-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-017-9077-x

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