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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Red Blood Cells, Megakaryocytes, and Platelets: Progress and Challenges

  • Cellular Therapies: Preclinical and Clinical (EM Horwitz, Section Editor)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represent an attractive source to generate in vitro-derived red blood cells, megakaryocytes, and platelets for transfusion support. We review the progress made and challenges remaining for generating terminally differentiated red cells and platelets suitable for clinical application.

Recent Findings

Human iPSC hematopoietic differentiation protocols primarily recapitulate the primitive stage of hematopoiesis, but a different hematopoietic progenitor that mimics the second wave of hematopoiesis has been identified that generates definitive blood cells. Coupled with strategies to improve maturation and expansion, this provides new opportunities to generate red cells and platelets that can mature, enucleate, and proliferate to clinical scale.

Summary

The major challenges of human iPSC-derived transfusion products are terminal differentiation and scalability. Despite these challenges, iPSCs offer a new source for unlimited generation of red cells and platelets with rare phenotypes for transfusion, blood bank reagents, and novel drug delivery systems.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, ARC 314, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    Hyun Hyung An

  2. Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, ARC 317, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    Mortimer Poncz

  3. Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Mortimer Poncz & Stella T. Chou

  4. Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, ARC 316D, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    Stella T. Chou

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  1. Hyun Hyung An
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Correspondence to Stella T. Chou.

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Stella T. Chou reports grants from National Institutes of Health, during the conduct of the study. Hyun Hyung An and Mortimer Poncz declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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An, H.H., Poncz, M. & Chou, S.T. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Red Blood Cells, Megakaryocytes, and Platelets: Progress and Challenges. Curr Stem Cell Rep 4, 310–317 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40778-018-0144-6

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