Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Contemporary Dietary Therapies in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

  • Pediatric Gastroenterology (SA Saeed and K Sandberg, Section Editors)
  • Published:
Current Treatment Options in Pediatrics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of Review

This review explores the role of diet in the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and highlights various contemporary dietary options in the treatment of adult and pediatric inflammatory bowel disease.

Recent Findings

The role of diet in inflammatory bowel disease has become clearer through epidemiologic, basic science, and interventional studies. Multiple dietary treatment strategies are used as primary or adjunctive therapy in inflammatory bowel disease to varying degrees of success.

Summary

While the field of nutrition and nutritional therapy in inflammatory bowel disease has evolved with supporting evidence from basic science and clinical research, further studies are necessary to fully understand the impact and potential of diet and dietary therapy in the management of IBD.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance •• Of major importance

  1. Critch J, Day AS, Otley A, King-Moore C, Teitelbaum JE, Shashidhar H. Use of enteral nutrition for the control of intestinal inflammation in pediatric Crohn disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2012;54(2):298–305. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0b013e318235b397.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Ruemmele FM, Veres G, Kolho KL, et al. Consensus guidelines of ECCO/ESPGHAN on the medical management of pediatric Crohn’s disease. J Crohn's Colitis. 2014;8(10):1179–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crohns.2014.04.005.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Levine A, Wine E, Assa A, et al. Crohn’s disease exclusion diet plus partial enteral nutrition induces sustained remission in a randomized controlled trial. Gastroenterology (N Y N Y, 1943). 2019;157(2):440–450.e8. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2019.04.021.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Suskind DL, Wahbeh G, Cohen SA, et al. Patients perceive clinical benefit with the specific carbohydrate diet for inflammatory bowel disease. Dig Dis Sci. 2016;61(11):3255–60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-016-4307-y.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Albenberg LG, Wu GD. Diet and the intestinal microbiome: associations, functions, and implications for health and disease. Gastroenterology (N Y N Y, 1943). 2014;146(6):1564–72. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2014.01.058.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Kostic AD, Xavier RJ, Gevers D. The microbiome in inflammatory bowel disease: current status and the future ahead. Gastroenterology (N Y N Y, 1943). 2014;146(6):1489–99. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2014.02.009.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Xavier RJ, Podolsky DK. Unravelling the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Nature (London). 2007;448(7152):427–34. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06005.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Lewis JD, Albenberg L, Lee D, Kratz M, Gottlieb K, Reinisch W. The importance and challenges of dietary intervention trials for inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2017;23(2):181–91.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Hou JK, Abraham B, El-Serag H. Dietary intake and risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review of the literature. Am J Gastroenterol. 2011;106(4):563–73.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Zeng L, Hu S, Chen P, Wei W, Tan Y. Macronutrient intake and risk of Crohn’s disease: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Nutrients. 2017;9(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9050500.

  11. Ng SC, Shi HY, Hamidi N, et al. Worldwide incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in the 21st century: a systematic review of population-based studies. The Lancet (North American edition). 2018;390(10114):2769–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32448-0.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Kaplan GG, Ng SC. Understanding and preventing the global increase of inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology (N Y N Y, 1943). 2017;152(2):313–321.e2. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2016.10.020.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Levine A, Sigall Boneh R, Wine E. Evolving role of diet in the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. Gut. 2018;67(9):1726–38. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2017-315866.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Peterson DA, Frank DN, Pace NR, Gordon JI. Metagenomic approaches for defining the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases. Cell Host Microbe. 2008;3(6):417–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2008.05.001.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Ott SJ, Schreiber S. Reduced microbial diversity in inflammatory bowel diseases. Gut. 2006;55(8):1207.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Gevers D, Kugathasan S, Denson LA, et al. The treatment-naive microbiome in new-onset Crohn’s disease. Cell Host And Microbe. 2014;15(3):382–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2014.02.005.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Bajer L, Kverka M, Kostovcik M, et al. Distinct gut microbiota profiles in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis. World J Gastroenterol. 2017;23(25):4548–58. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v23.i25.4548.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Lane ER, Zisman TL, Suskind DL. The microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease: current and therapeutic insights. J Inflamm Res. 2017;10:63–73. https://doi.org/10.2147/JIR.S116088.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  19. Llewellyn SR, Britton GJ, Contijoch EJ, et al. Interactions between diet and the intestinal microbiota alter intestinal permeability and colitis severity in mice. Gastroenterology (N Y N Y, 1943). 2018;154(4):1037–1046.e2. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2017.11.030.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Martinez-Medina M, Denizot J, Dreux N, et al. Western diet induces dysbiosis with increased E coli in CEABAC10 mice, alters host barrier function favouring AIEC colonisation. Gut. 2014;63(1):116–24. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2012-304119.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Nickerson KP, McDonald C. Crohn’s disease-associated adherent-invasive Escherichia coli adhesion is enhanced by exposure to the ubiquitous dietary polysaccharide maltodextrin. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(12):e52132. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052132.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Roberts CL, Keita AV, Duncan SH, et al. Translocation of Crohn’s disease Escherichia coli across M-cells: contrasting effects of soluble plant fibres and emulsifiers. Gut. 2010;59(10):1331–9. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.2009.195370.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Rothschild D, Weissbrod O, Barkan E, et al. Environment dominates over host genetics in shaping human gut microbiota. Nature (Lond). 2018;555(7695):210–5. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature25973.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Wu GD, Chen J, Hoffmann C, et al. Linking long-term dietary patterns with gut microbial enterotypes. Science (N Y , N Y ). 2011;334(6052):105–8. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1208344.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Fischer JE, Foster GS, Abel RM, Abbott WM, Ryan JA. Hyperalimentation as primary therapy for inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Surg. 1973;125(2):165–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9610(73)90022-6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Day AS, Whitten KE, Sidler M, Lemberg DA. Systematic review: nutritional therapy in paediatric Crohn’s disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008;27(4):293–307.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Yu Y, Chen K, Chen J. Exclusive enteral nutrition versus corticosteroids for treatment of pediatric Crohn’s disease: a meta-analysis. World J Pediatr. 2019;15(1):26–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-018-0204-0.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Ludvigsson JF, Krantz M, Bodin L, Stenhammar L, Lindquist B. Elemental versus polymeric enteral nutrition in paediatric Crohn’s disease: a multicentre randomized controlled trial. Acta paediatr (Oslo). 2004;93(3):327–35.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Borrelli O, Cordischi L, Cirulli M, et al. Polymeric diet alone versus corticosteroids in the treatment of active pediatric Crohn’s disease: a randomized controlled open-label trial. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006;4(6):744–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Pigneur B, Lepage P, Mondot S, et al. Mucosal healing and bacterial composition in response to enteral nutrition vs steroid-based induction therapy—a randomised prospective clinical trial in children with Crohn’s disease. J Crohn's Colitis. 2019;13(7):846–55. https://doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjy207 Key study showing the efficacy of EEN in pediatric IBD associated with high mucosal healing rates.

  31. Okada M, Yao T, Yamamoto T, et al. Controlled trial comparing an elemental diet with prednisolone in the treatment of active Crohn’s disease. Hepato-gastroenterol. 1990;37(1):72–80.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. O'Moráin C, Segal AW, Levi AJ. Elemental diet as primary treatment of acute Crohn’s disease: a controlled trial. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1984;288(6434):1859–62. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.288.6434.1859.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Narula N, Dhillon A, Zhang D, Sherlock ME, Tondeur M, Zachos M. Enteral nutritional therapy for induction of remission in Crohn’s disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;4:CD000542. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD000542.pub3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. González-Huix F, Fernández-Bañares F, Esteve-Comas M, et al. Enteral versus parenteral nutrition as adjunct therapy in acute ulcerative colitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 1993;88(2):227–32.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Johnson T, Macdonald S, Hill SM, Thomas A, Murphy MS. Treatment of active Crohn’s disease in children using partial enteral nutrition with liquid formula: a randomised controlled trial. Gut. 2006;55(3):356–61. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.2004.062554.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  36. Lee D, Baldassano RN, Otley AR, et al. Comparative effectiveness of nutritional and biological therapy in North American children with active Crohn’s disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2015;21(8):1786–93. https://doi.org/10.1097/MIB.0000000000000426.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Hirai F, Ishihara H, Yada S, et al. Effectiveness of concomitant enteral nutrition therapy and infliximab for maintenance treatment of Crohn’s disease in adults. Dig Dis Sci. 2013;58(5):1329–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-012-2374-2.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Kamata N, Oshitani N, Watanabe K, et al. Efficacy of concomitant elemental diet therapy in scheduled infliximab therapy in patients with Crohn’s disease to prevent loss of response. Dig Dis Sci. 2015;60(5):1382–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-014-3493-8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Sazuka S, Katsuno T, Nakagawa T, et al. Concomitant use of enteral nutrition therapy is associated with sustained response to infliximab in patients with Crohn’s disease. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2012;66(11):1219–23. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2012.120.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Takagi S, Utsunomiya K, Kuriyama S, et al. Effectiveness of an ‘half elemental diet’ as maintenance therapy for Crohn’s disease: a randomized-controlled trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2006;24(9):1333–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.03120.x.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Sigall-Boneh R, Pfeffer-Gik T, Segal I, Zangen T, Boaz M, Levine A. Partial enteral nutrition with a Crohn’s disease exclusion diet is effective for induction of remission in children and young adults with Crohn’s disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2014;20(8):1353–60. https://doi.org/10.1097/MIB.0000000000000110.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Sigall Boneh R, Sarbagili Shabat C, Yanai H, et al. Dietary therapy with the Crohn’s disease exclusion diet is a successful strategy for induction of remission in children and adults failing biological therapy. J Crohn's Colitis. 2017;11(10):1205–12. https://doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjx071.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Marchesi JR, Adams DH, Fava F, et al. The gut microbiota and host health: a new clinical frontier. Gut. 2016;65(2):330–9. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309990.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Lewis JD, Abreu MT. Diet as a trigger or therapy for inflammatory bowel diseases. Gastroenterology. 2017;152(2):398–414.e6. Accessed 8 November 2017. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2016.10.019.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Kakodkar S, Farooqui AJ, Mikolaitis SL, Mutlu EA. The specific carbohydrate diet for inflammatory bowel disease: a case series. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2015;115(8):1226–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2015.04.016.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Obih C, Wahbeh G, Lee D, et al. Specific carbohydrate diet for pediatric inflammatory bowel disease in clinical practice within an academic IBD center. Nutrition New York. 2016;32(4):418–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2015.08.025.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. •• Suskind DL, Cohen SA, Brittnacher MJ, et al. Clinical and fecal microbial changes with diet therapy in active inflammatory bowel disease. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2018;52(2):155–63. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCG.0000000000000772 This study highlights the potential of a whole foods dietary intervention to not only improve clinical symptoms but also the inflammatory burden. These changes are associated with changes in the intestinal microbiome.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Cohen SA, Gold BD, Oliva S, et al. Clinical and mucosal improvement with specific carbohydrate diet in pediatric crohn disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2014;59(4):516–21. Accessed 1 October 2017. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0000000000000449.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Braly K, Williamson N, Shaffer ML, et al. Nutritional adequacy of the specific carbohydrate diet in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2017;65(5):533–8. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0000000000001613.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  50. Burgis JC, Nguyen K, Park KT, Cox K. Response to strict and liberalized specific carbohydrate diet in pediatric Crohn’s disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2016;22(6):2111–7. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v22.i6.2111.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  51. Suskind DL, Lee D, Kim Y-M, Wahbeh G, Singh N, Braly K, Nuding M, Nicora CD, Purvine SO, Lipton MS, Jansson JK, Nelson WC. The Specific Carbohydrate Diet and Diet Modification as Induction Therapy for Pediatric Crohn’s Disease: A Randomized Diet Controlled Trial. Nutrients. 2020; 12(12):3749. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123749.

  52. Kaplan HC, Opipari-Arrigan L, Schmid CH, et al. Evaluating the comparative effectiveness of two diets in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: a study protocol for a series of N-of-1 trials. Healthcare. 2019;7(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare7040129.

  53. Hsieh M, Hsu W, Wang J, et al. Nutritional and dietary strategy in the clinical care of inflammatory bowel disease. J Formos Med Assoc dnlm. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfma.2019.09.005.

  54. Olendzki BC, Silverstein TD, Persuitte GM, Ma Y, Baldwin KR, Cave D. An anti-inflammatory diet as treatment for inflammatory bowel disease: a case series report. Nutr J. 2014;13:5. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-13-5.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  55. Gibson PR. Use of the low-FODMAP diet in inflammatory bowel disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;32(Suppl 1):40–2. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.13695.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Gearry RB, Irving PM, Barrett JS, Nathan DM, Shepherd SJ, Gibson PR. Reduction of dietary poorly absorbed short-chain carbohydrates (FODMAPs) improves abdominal symptoms in patients with inflammatory bowel disease—a pilot study. J Crohn's Colitis. 2009;3(1):8–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crohns.2008.09.004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Hoekman DR, Zeevenhooven J, D'Haens GR, Benninga MA. The prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome-type symptoms in inflammatory bowel disease patients in remission. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;29(9):1086–90. https://doi.org/10.1097/MEG.0000000000000921.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Barrett JS. How to institute the low-FODMAP diet. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;32(Suppl 1):8–10. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.13686.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Pedersen N, Ankersen DV, Felding M, et al. Low-FODMAP diet reduces irritable bowel symptoms in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2017;23(18):3356–66. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v23.i18.3356.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  60. Cox SR, Lindsay JO, Fromentin S, et al. Effects of low FODMAP diet on symptoms, fecal microbiome, and markers of inflammation in patients with quiescent inflammatory bowel disease in a randomized trial. Gastroenterology (N Y N Y, 1943). 2020;158(1):176–188.e7. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2019.09.024.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Miele E, Shamir R, Aloi M, et al. Nutrition in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: a position paper on behalf of the porto inflammatory bowel disease group of the European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2018;66(4):687–708. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0000000000001896.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Estruch R, Ros E, Salas-Salvadó J, et al. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with a Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil or nuts. New Engl J Med. 2018;378(25):e34. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1800389.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Giugliano D, Ceriello A, Esposito K. The effects of diet on inflammation: emphasis on the metabolic syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol (Print). 2006;48(4):677–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2006.03.052.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Taylor L, Almutairdi A, Shommu N, et al. Cross-sectional analysis of overall dietary intake and mediterranean dietary pattern in patients with Crohn’s disease. Nutrients. 2018;10(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10111761.

  65. Papada E, Amerikanou C, Forbes A, Kaliora AC. Adherence to Mediterranean diet in Crohn’s disease. Eur J Nutr. 2020;59(3):1115–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-019-01972-z.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Marlow G, Ellett S, Ferguson IR, et al. Transcriptomics to study the effect of a Mediterranean-inspired diet on inflammation in Crohn’s disease patients. Hum Genomics. 2013;7:24. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-7364-7-24.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  67. Chiba M, Ishii H, Komatsu M. Recommendation of plant-based diets for inflammatory bowel disease. Transl Pediatr. 2019;8(1):23–7. https://doi.org/10.21037/tp.2018.12.02.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  68. Grosse CSJ, Christophersen CT, Devine A, Lawrance IC. The role of a plant-based diet in the pathogenesis, etiology and management of the inflammatory bowel diseases. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;14(3):137–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/17474124.2020.1733413.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Schreiner P, Yilmaz B, Rossel J, et al. Vegetarian or gluten-free diets in patients with inflammatory bowel disease are associated with lower psychological well-being and a different gut microbiota, but no beneficial effects on the course of the disease. United European Gastroenterol J. 2019;7(6):767–81. https://doi.org/10.1177/2050640619841249.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  70. Chiba M, Abe T, Tsuda H, et al. Lifestyle-related disease in Crohn’s disease: relapse prevention by a semi-vegetarian diet. World J Gastroenterol. 2010;16(20):2484–95. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v16.i20.2484.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  71. Chiba M, Nakane K, Tsuji T, et al. Relapse prevention by plant-based diet incorporated into induction therapy for ulcerative colitis: a single-group trial. Permanente J. 2019;23. https://doi.org/10.7812/TPP/18-220.

  72. Albenberg L, Brensinger CM, Wu Q, et al. A diet low in red and processed meat does not reduce rate of Crohn’s disease flares. Gastroenterology (N Y N Y, 1943). 2019;157(1):128–136.e5. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2019.03.015.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Rajendran N, Kumar D. Food-specific IgG4-guided exclusion diets improve symptoms in Crohn’s disease: a pilot study. Color Dis. 2011;13(9):1009–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-1318.2010.02373.x.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Gunasekeera V, Mendall MA, Chan D, Kumar D. Treatment of Crohn’s disease with an IgG4-guided exclusion diet: a randomized controlled trial. Dig Dis Sci. 2016;61(4):1148–57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-015-3987-z.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Chassaing B, Van de Wiele T, De Bodt J, Marzorati M, Gewirtz AT. Dietary emulsifiers directly alter human microbiota composition and gene expression ex vivo potentiating intestinal inflammation. Gut. 2017;66(8):1414–27. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2016-313099.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Konijeti GG, Kim N, Lewis JD, et al. Efficacy of the autoimmune protocol diet for inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2017;23(11):2054–60. https://doi.org/10.1097/MIB.0000000000001221.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Chandrasekaran A, Groven S, Lewis JD, et al. An autoimmune protocol diet improves patient-reported quality of life in inflammatory bowel disease. Crohns Colitis 360 dnlm. 2019;1(3):otz019. https://doi.org/10.1093/crocol/otz019.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA

    Tanyaporn Kaenkumchorn MD, Brooke Musburger BS & David L. Suskind MD

Authors
  1. Tanyaporn Kaenkumchorn MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Brooke Musburger BS
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. David L. Suskind MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to David L. Suskind MD.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors have no conflicts of interest except D.L.S. who has written Nutrition in Immune Balance (NiMBAL), a lay book on diet in inflammatory bowel disease. This book describes nutritional approaches in inflammatory bowel disease and how to incorporate diet into current medical paradigm. DLS is also Chief Medical Officer of NiMBAL Health, Inc., a digital healthcare platform.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

This article is part of the Topical Collection on Pediatric Gastroenterology

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kaenkumchorn, T., Musburger, B. & Suskind, D.L. Contemporary Dietary Therapies in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Curr Treat Options Peds 7, 33–45 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40746-021-00220-z

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40746-021-00220-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation