Abstract
Aims
This study aimed to compare the bone mineral densities (BMDs) among male patients with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA), classical type 1 diabetes (T1DM), and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and to examine the risk factors for developing low BMD in these patients.
Patients and methods
Between January 2017 and October 2020, a total of 57, 67, and 223 male patients with LADA, classical T1DM, and T2DM, respectively, were recruited from the endocrinology department of Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital. Hormonal markers of bone metabolism, lipid profiles, uric acid, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and beta-cell function were measured using blood samples. BMD was measured at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and right hip by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.
Results
The mean BMD values from all three skeletal sites in male patients with LADA were comparable to those with classical T1DM but were much lower than those with T2DM. After adjusting for confounding factors, multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that in all male patients with diabetes, body mass index (BMI), uric acid, and fasting C-peptide showed significant positive associations with BMD at all three skeletal sites; however, osteocalcin showed a negative association at all three sites.
Conclusions
Compared with male patients with T2DM, lower BMDs were observed in patients with LADA and T1DM. Low BMI, uric acid, C-peptide levels, and high osteocalcin levels are risk factors for developing low BMD in male patients with diabetes.
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Acknowledgements
This study was supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2018YFC1314100) and the National Nature Science Foundation (No. 81601269 and No.81700752).
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Manna Zhang performed the study and wrote the manuscript; CS and HY collected the data and performed the statistical analysis; MC helped us collect data in terms of expanding sample size and improving the data information; JG, XC and HS participated in recruiting the patients; SQ designed the study and edited the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
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All procedures performed in our study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional human subjects review board of the shanghai Tenth people’s hospital and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
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Zhang, M., Sheng, C., You, H. et al. Comparing the bone mineral density among male patients with latent autoimmune diabetes and classical type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and exploring risk factors for osteoporosis. J Endocrinol Invest 44, 1659–1665 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-020-01472-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-020-01472-6