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Abnormal 1-hour post-load glycemia during pregnancy impairs post-partum metabolic status: a single-center experience

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Abstract

Purpose

Recent evidence indicates that people with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) but 1-h post-load plasma glucose (1-h OGTT) ≥ 155 mg/dl have an increased risk for developing Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), determining a new risk category with deeper metabolic impairment. The aim of this study was to identify, among women with gestational diabetes (GDM), which alterations at OGTT during pregnancy are more frequently associated with 1-h OGTT ≥ 155 mg/dl at post-partum examination.

Methods

Among 297 women affected by GDM, we retrospectively evaluated 244 resulted NGT after delivery. Based on post-partum glucose levels at 1-h OGTT, these people were divided into 188 cases (77.0%) with 1-h OGTT < 155 mg/dl (L-NGT) and 56 (23.0%) with 1-h OGTT ≥ 155 mg/dl (H-NGT).

Results

Abnormal glucose levels at 1-h OGTT during pregnancy (≥ 180 mg/dl) were more frequent in H-NGT than in L-NGT (39.3 vs. 24.6%, odds ratio 3.7 [95% CI 1.4–9.6]; p = 0.016). Moreover, H-NGT showed more frequently the simultaneous alteration of all three OGTT plasma glucose values during pregnancy (10.7 vs. 2.1%, odds ratio 4.5 [95% CI 1.5–20.3]; p = 0.038) and less frequently the alteration of fasting plasma glucose alone (14.3 vs. 30.8%, odds ratio 0.4 [95% CI 0.1–0.7]; p = 0.028).

Conclusions

Abnormal 1-h OGTT during pregnancy predicts an increased risk for post-partum 1-h OGTT ≥ 155 mg/dl in women with previous GDM. Even if NGT after delivery, these women may require a closer long-term post-partum follow-up, being at higher risk to develop future glucose intolerance.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Prof. Giuliana Arcidiacono, Ph.D. in English and Anglo-American Studies, University of Catania, for the language revision of the manuscript.

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Author notes

  1. A. Tumminia and A. Milluzzo have equal authorship.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Endocrinology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, via Palermo 636, 95122, Catania, Italy

    A. Tumminia, A. Milluzzo, F. Cinti, M. Parisi, F. Tata, F. Frasca, L. Frittitta, R. Vigneri & L. Sciacca

  2. Institute of Bioimages and Biostructures, CNR, via Gaifami 18, 95126, Catania, Italy

    R. Vigneri

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  1. A. Tumminia
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Correspondence to L. Sciacca.

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Conflict of interest

RV. participated in the Novo Nordisk Advisory Board in 2015 and 2016. L.S. participated in the Lilly Advisory Board in 2017. The other authors have nothing to disclose.

Ethical approval

The ethical committee approval is not required in our institution for retrospective studies. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.

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For this type of study formal consent is not required.

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Tumminia, A., Milluzzo, A., Cinti, F. et al. Abnormal 1-hour post-load glycemia during pregnancy impairs post-partum metabolic status: a single-center experience. J Endocrinol Invest 41, 567–573 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-017-0774-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-017-0774-z

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