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Hypoglycemia affects the changes in endothelial progenitor cell levels during insulin therapy in type 2 diabetic patients

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Abstract

Purpose

Hypoglycemia is a barrier to the achievement of glycemic targets and limits the beneficial effects of improved glucose control on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) participate in cardiovascular homeostasis and predict future cardiovascular events. Therefore, we herein analyzed the association between occurrence of hypoglycemia and EPC changes in T2D patients after optimization of glucose control with basal insulin therapy.

Methods

In the NCT00699686 trial, 42 T2D insulin-naïve patients received a 3 + 3-month cross-over therapy with glargine and detemir. There were 43 minor and 2 severe hypoglycemic episodes in 19 patients (45.2 %, 0.54 episodes/patient/year). Changes in EPCs were analyzed in relation to the occurrence of hypoglycemia during the trial.

Results

Patients with hypoglycemia had a higher final HbA1c at 6 months than patients without, although absolute HbA1c changes were not significantly different. Though PCs increased at study end, in patients experiencing at least 1 hypoglycemic episode, the changes in CD34+, CD133+ progenitor cells and CD34+KDR+ EPCs were significantly lower than the respective changes in patients without incident hypoglycemia, even after correcting for confounders. During treatment with detemir, which induced >twofold less hypoglycemia than glargine, CD34+KDR+ EPCs increased significantly more than during treatment with glargine.

Conclusions

In naïve T2D patients initiating basal insulin, hypoglycemia prevents the increase in vasculoprotective PCs. Clinically, these data strengthen the importance of avoiding hypoglycemia to improve cardiovascular outcomes during the treatment of T2D.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Informed consent was obtained in all individual participants included in the study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy

    G. P. Fadini, M. Albiero, S. Vigili de Kreutzenberg & A. Avogaro

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  1. G. P. Fadini
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  2. M. Albiero
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  3. S. Vigili de Kreutzenberg
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  4. A. Avogaro
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Correspondence to G. P. Fadini.

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Fadini, G.P., Albiero, M., Vigili de Kreutzenberg, S. et al. Hypoglycemia affects the changes in endothelial progenitor cell levels during insulin therapy in type 2 diabetic patients. J Endocrinol Invest 38, 733–738 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-015-0247-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-015-0247-1

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