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Nutritional Immunity and Fungal Pathogens: A New Role for Manganese

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Copper, zinc, iron, and manganese are essential micronutrients for all living organisms. Microbial pathogens must acquire these elements from their host. Through a process termed nutritional immunity, animal hosts seek to withhold these vital nutrients from the microbe and the competition for metals can influence survival outcomes during infection. Much is known about the battle for iron, copper, and zinc during fungal infections, but a picture is just now beginning to emerge for manganese.

Recent Findings

Pathogenic fungi utilize manganese for antioxidant defense, cell wall construction, morphogenesis, and survival in animal and plant hosts. The animal host can limit manganese availability for invading fungi at the macrophage, neutrophil, and whole tissue levels.

Summary

Here, we review the role of manganese as an essential nutrient for pathogenic fungi and the ways an animal host can withhold this vital metal from infectious fungi of clinical and agricultural importance.

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Data Availability

No datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

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Funding

ASW and VCC are supported by the National Institutes of Health Grants R21AI154726 and R35GM136644.

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  1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA

    Asia S. Wildeman & Valeria C. Culotta

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AW and VC wrote the main text and VC prepared figures. Both authors reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Valeria C. Culotta.

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Wildeman, A.S., Culotta, V.C. Nutritional Immunity and Fungal Pathogens: A New Role for Manganese. Curr Clin Micro Rpt 11, 70–78 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40588-024-00222-z

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