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Tree-Pollen-Related Food Allergies: Birch Pollen and More

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Abstract

Purpose of the Review

This review explores the connection between sensitization to tree pollen and reactivity to plant-based foods in clinical settings. It investigates whether this relationship is “causal,” “concurrent,” or “random,” while examining the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Recent Findings

Three scenarios are discussed: (a) cross-reactivity between tree pollen and foods due to shared molecular components, resulting in IgE-mediated food reactions; (b) tree pollen reactivity arising from cross-reactive molecules in foods, potentially complicating diagnosis; and (c) independent recognition of molecular components in tree pollen and foods. The roles of allergens like pathogenesis-related-protein group 10 (PR-10) in Fagales trees and non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) in olive and plane trees are explored for their cross-reactivity and adverse reaction potential. The role of gibberellin-regulated proteins (GRPs) in the “Cypress/Peach syndrome” is also investigated.

Summary of Major Conclusion

The review emphasizes complex interactions between tree pollen reactivity and food allergies, highlighting the need for thorough molecular reactivity diagnostics and detailed medical histories to understand these intricate connections. It underscores cross-reactivity among homologous allergens, the significance of structural similarity in causing adverse reactions, and the influence of co-factors on clinical outcomes. Ultimately, the review provides insights into the intricate nature of tree-related reactivity, offering implications for clinical diagnosis and management.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Clinical and Laboratory Molecular Allergy Unit, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy

    Enrico Scala & Valeria Villella

  2. ASST Rhodense, Ospedale di Garbagnate Milanese (MI), Milan, Italy

    Alessandro Maria Marra

  3. UOC Allergologia Immunologia Clinica e Reumatologia, ASST Mantova, Mantova, Italy

    Giorgio Celi

  4. Ambulatorio di Allergologia, Clinica San Carlo, Paderno Dugnano (MI), Milan, Italy

    Riccardo Asero

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Scala, E., Marra, A.M., Villella, V. et al. Tree-Pollen-Related Food Allergies: Birch Pollen and More. Curr Treat Options Allergy 10, 401–412 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40521-023-00352-7

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