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Psychometric evaluation of the muscle appearance satisfaction scale in a Mexican male sample

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the muscle appearance satisfaction scale (MASS) shows acceptable psychometric properties in Mexican bodybuilders.

Methods

A total of 258 Mexican male bodybuilders were recruited. Two self-report questionnaires, including the MASS and drive for muscularity scale (DMS), were administered. Six models of the latent structure of the MASS were evaluated, using confirmatory factor analysis with maximum likelihood, considering robust Satorra–Bentler correction to estimate the fit of the models to the data.

Results

Similar to the original MASS, the series of CFA confirmed that the Mexican version was well represented with the 17-item five-factor structure, which showed a good model fit [Satorra–Bentler Chi-square (109, n = 258) = 189.18, p < 0.0001; NNFI = 0.91; CFI = 0.93; IFI = 0.93; RMSEA = 0.05 (0.04, 0.07)]. Internal consistency was estimated with McDonald’s omega, which was acceptable for the MASS (0.88), and their subscales (0.80 to 0.89), except for muscle checking scale (0.77). Test–retest reliability analysis showed stability of the MASS total as well as of the subscale scores over a 2-week period (intraclass correlation coefficients = 0.75–0.91). Construct validity was demonstrated by a significant positive correlation between MASS and DMS results (r = 0.75; p = 0.0001). These results were similar to those of previous studies, which demonstrate the scale’s usefulness.

Conclusions

Our results support the suitability of the MASS and its subscales to measure muscle dysmorphia symptoms in Mexican male bodybuilders.

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Acknowledgements

The study was supported by the Grants UAEM (3388/2013ESP and 1002/2012/RCA) to Consuelo Escoto and UNAM-PAPIIT (IN-306615) to Georgina Alvarez-Rayón.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, Centro Universitario UAEM Ecatepec, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, José Revueltas 17, Tierra Blanca, C.P. 55020, Ecatepec, Mexico, Mexico

    María del Consuelo Escoto Ponce de León, Lilián Elizabeth Bosques-Brugada & Gabriela Rodríguez Hernández

  2. Department of Health Education, Unidad Académica Profesional Nezahualcóyotl, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Av. Bordo de Xochiaca s/n, Benito Juárez, C.P. 57000, Nezahualcóyotl, Mexico, Mexico

    Esteban Jaime Camacho Ruiz

  3. Eating Disorders Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Mexico, Mexico

    Georgina Alvarez-Rayón

  4. Department of Psychology, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Prolongación Colón s/n, C.P. 49000, Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, Mexico

    Karina Franco Paredes

Authors
  1. María del Consuelo Escoto Ponce de León
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  2. Lilián Elizabeth Bosques-Brugada
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  3. Esteban Jaime Camacho Ruiz
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  4. Georgina Alvarez-Rayón
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  6. Gabriela Rodríguez Hernández
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to María del Consuelo Escoto Ponce de León.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Escoto Ponce de León, M.d.C., Bosques-Brugada, L.E., Camacho Ruiz, E.J. et al. Psychometric evaluation of the muscle appearance satisfaction scale in a Mexican male sample. Eat Weight Disord 23, 695–703 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-017-0366-0

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