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External application of NADPH enhances biomass accumulation, seed germination and modulates expression of oxidative pentose phosphate pathway genes in Arabidopsis

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Abstract

NADPH is one of the main reducing powers in plant cells. It plays important roles as cofactor or reductant and is involved in a wide range of anabolic pathways and thus may influence plant growth and development. The present study was conducted with the objective to analyse the effect of NADPH on plant growth and development when applied externally. External application of 10 µM and 30 µM NADPH resulted in 198% and 258%, increase in biomass of Arabidopsis thaliana plants, respectively. Under normal photoperiod of 16 h, 24% increase in seed germination was observed in 10 µM as well as 30 µM NADPH treated seeds on day 8 of the seed sowing. Further, targeted transcriptome profiling of all the eight genes encoding enzymes of oxidative pentose phosphate pathway revealed the differential expression of these genes under light and dark in response to NADPH. Interestingly, expression of glucose-6-phosphate-1-dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconolactonase, the first two enzymes of oxidative pentose phosphate pathway was up-regulated many fold under dark, whereas, NADPH treatment significantly increased the expression of the 2nd (6-phosphogluconolactonase) and 3rd gene (6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase) of oxidative pentose phosphate pathway during light period. Proteomic analysis revealed thirty five proteins expressing differentially in response to NADPH treatment. These differentially expressed proteins were found to be involved in various biological processes. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report about the effect of external application of NADPH on plant biomass and seed germination. The information generated in the present study may be useful in having better insights into the role and influence of NADPH on plant growth and development and may provide platform to devise NADPH associated strategies for improving biomass production of useful plants.

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Abbreviations

NADPH:

β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 2′-phosphate, reduced

oxPPP:

Oxidative pentose phosphate pathway

Glc-6-P:

Glucose-6-phosphate

Ru-5-P:

Ribulose-5-phosphate

Xul-5-P:

Xylulose-5-phosphate

Rib-5-P:

Ribose-5-phosphate

G6PDH:

Glucose-6-phosphate-1-dehydrogenase

6PGL:

6-Phosphogluconolactonase

6PGDH:

6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase

RPI:

Ribose-5-phophate isomerase

RPE:

Ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase

TK:

Transketolase

TA:

Transaldolase

G6PI:

Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase

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Acknowledgements

We greatly acknowledge Director, CSIR-IHBT, for providing overall guidance and infrastructural support to carry out the work. We thank Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), India, for funding the project entitled “Increasing biomass potential of plants: exploring light-independent mechanisms: sanctioned vide sanction order number 41/3/EMPOWER/2012-PPD under EMPOWER scheme. The manuscript represents IHBT Publication No. 3604.

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Author notes

  1. Som Dutt

    Present address: Crop Physiology and Biochemistry Division, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute (CPRI), Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171001, India

  2. Anil Kumar Singh

    Present address: ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, PDU Campus, IINRG, Namkum, Ranchi, 834010, India

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India

    Som Dutt, Shruti Kirti, Tanmay Vaidya, Jai Parkash, Sanjeeta Kashyap, Nandini Sharma & Anil Kumar Singh

  2. CSIR- Human Resource Development Centre, (CSIR-HRDC), Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Campus Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India

    Som Dutt, Jai Parkash & Anil Kumar Singh

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Correspondence to Som Dutt.

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Dutt, S., Kirti, S., Vaidya, T. et al. External application of NADPH enhances biomass accumulation, seed germination and modulates expression of oxidative pentose phosphate pathway genes in Arabidopsis. Ind J Plant Physiol. 23, 748–759 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40502-018-0420-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40502-018-0420-6

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