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Evolution of the Oral Microbiome and Dental Caries

  • Microbiology (M Klein, Section Editor)
  • Published:
Current Oral Health Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Our paper reviews how dietary changes during human evolution have contributed to the increased incidence and prevalence of dental caries in modern populations by shifting the oral microbiome from a “healthy” to “carious” state. We addressed two questions: (1) what is the microbial difference between the states of health and caries, and (2) how has the development of an agricultural diet impacted the oral microbiome?

Recent Findings

The application of next-generation sequencing has revealed the complexity of the oral microbiome and lack of a simple compositional difference between health and caries. Genetic analysis of the oral microbiome from contemporary and ancient humans has shown that the introduction of agriculture was associated with increased frequency of caries-related bacteria and the evolution of the key carious pathogen, Streptococcus mutans.

Summary

The adoption of an agricultural diet has contributed to a modern rise in caries by changing the oral microbiome ecology. Identification of evolutionary factors that have influenced the oral microbiome in health and caries, and how the two states differ functionally, as opposed to compositionally, may help to reduce the current burden of caries.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Dental Research, The Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia

    Christina J Adler, Gina V Browne & Smitha Sukumar

  2. Westmead Centre for Oral Health, Westmead, NSW, Australia

    Gina V Browne

  3. School of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

    Toby Hughes

Authors
  1. Christina J Adler
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  2. Gina V Browne
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  3. Smitha Sukumar
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  4. Toby Hughes
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Correspondence to Christina J Adler.

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This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Microbiology

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Adler, C.J., Browne, G.V., Sukumar, S. et al. Evolution of the Oral Microbiome and Dental Caries. Curr Oral Health Rep 4, 264–269 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40496-017-0151-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40496-017-0151-1

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