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Do Obese Bacteria Make us “Want them”? Intestinal Microbiota, Mesocorticolimbic Circuit and Non-Homeostatic Feeding

  • Brain and Microbiome (S O‘Mahony, Section Editor)
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Highly palatable foods (HPF) have rewarding effects, and their consumption induces gut dysbiosis. Because intestinal microbes communicate bidirectionally with the brain, we reviewed the literature in order to link the effects of HPF on the brain reward system and on gut microbiota. Additionally, we propose these alterations contribute to the pathophysiology of obesity.

Recent Findings

Non-homeostatic consumption of HPF programs the brain to seek these foods from early-life. Fatty food induces gut dysbiosis, which might alter communications to the brain. Additionally, prebiotic fibre and short-chain fatty acids affect the neurochemistry of the rodent mesocorticolimbic circuit.

Summary

Consumption of HPF might start a vicious cycle by (1) activating the mesocorticolimbic circuit, leading to (2) non-homeostatic feeding, affecting the host’s metabolism and (3) altering gut microbes. The latter might impact the brain’s reward system, which becomes reinforced by signals from gut symbionts, thus contributing to the pathophysiology of obesity.

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Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance •• Of major importance

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Funding

This work was supported by FONDECYT no. 1140776 and no. 1181019, IDRC.

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  1. Jocelyn Urrutia-Piñones, Javiera Illanes-González and Alejandra López-Aguilera contributed equally to this work.

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  1. Grupo de NeuroGastroBioquímica, Laboratorio de Química Biológica y Bioquímica de Sistemas, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Universidad 330, Curauma, Valparaíso, Región de Valparaíso, Chile

    Jocelyn Urrutia-Piñones, Javiera Illanes-González, Alejandra López-Aguilera, Marcela Julio-Pieper & Javier A. Bravo

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  1. Jocelyn Urrutia-Piñones
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Correspondence to Marcela Julio-Pieper or Javier A. Bravo.

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Urrutia-Piñones, J., Illanes-González, J., López-Aguilera, A. et al. Do Obese Bacteria Make us “Want them”? Intestinal Microbiota, Mesocorticolimbic Circuit and Non-Homeostatic Feeding. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 5, 211–217 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40473-018-0161-x

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