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Effect of strong electric field on heat transfer enhancement in a mini channel containing Al2O3/oil nanofluid

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Abstract

The present work aims to investigate the heat transfer and pressure drop of Alumina/oil nanofluid flow in a miniaturized square channel in the presence of strong DC electric fields. The high voltage was applied using a thin wire on top of the channel. The bottom of the channel was used as both a ground electrode and a heated surface. Results showed that increasing particle concentration caused heat transfer augmentation for all Reynolds numbers. Applying a strong electric potential of 15.51 kV resulted in considerable heat transfer enhancement of 52% for the nanofluid with 0.3% volume fraction, at the Reynolds number of 7. This considerable enhancement can be attributed to the formation of the ion injection-based secondary flows and motion of the particles. The generated secondary flow disrupts the boundary layer and increases the heat absorption from the heated surface. The experiments were confined to the volume fraction of 0.3% since the rapid agglomeration of particles occurred on electrode and walls at the volume fraction of 0.5%.

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Abbreviations

\(A\) :

Heat transfer area [m2]

\(c_{p}\) :

Heat capacity [J/kg k]

\(D_{h}\) :

Hydraulic diameter [m]

\(E\) :

Electric field [V/m]

\(f\) :

Friction factor [-]

\(f_{{\text{e}}}\) :

Electrical body force [N/m3]

\(f_{s}\) :

Friction factor (without heat transfer enhancement) [−]

\(h\) :

Convection heat transfer coefficient [W/m2 K]

\(\overline{h}\) :

Average convection heat transfer coefficient [W/m2 K]

\(j\) :

Colburn factor [−]

\(j_{s}\) :

Colburn factor (without heat transfer enhancement) [−]

\(k\) :

Thermal conductivity [W/m K]

\(\dot{m}\) :

Mass flow rate [kg/s]

\(Nu\) :

Nusselt number [−]

\(Po\) :

Poiseuille Number [−]

\(Pr\) :

Prandtl number [−]

\(\dot{Q}\) :

Heat transfer rate [W]

\(\dot{q}\) :

Heat flux [W/m2]

\(Re\) :

Reynolds number [−]

\(St\) :

Stanton number [−]

\(T\) :

Temperature [°C]

\(u\) :

Velocity in x-direction [m/s]

\(V\) :

Voltage [V]

\(v\) :

Velocity in y-direction [m/s]

\(w\) :

Velocity in z-direction

\({\Delta }P\) :

Pressure drop [pa]

\(\alpha\) :

Thermal diffusivity [m2/s]

\(\varepsilon\) :

Electrical permittivity coefficient [−]

\(\eta\) :

Efficiency index [−]

\(\mu\) :

Dynamic viscosity [Pa s]

\(\rho\) :

Density [kg/m3]

\(\rho_{e}\) :

Space charge density [c/m3

\({\text{o}}\) :

Zero voltage condition

b:

Bulk

in:

Inlet

out:

Outlet

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

    Farhad Sadegh Moghanlou & Mohammad Vajdi

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Amin Shams Khorrami

  3. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

    Esmaeil Esmaeilzadeh

Authors
  1. Farhad Sadegh Moghanlou
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  2. Amin Shams Khorrami
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  3. Esmaeil Esmaeilzadeh
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  4. Mohammad Vajdi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Farhad Sadegh Moghanlou.

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Technical Editor: Ahmad Arabkoohsar.

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Supplementary information

Appendix 1

Appendix 1

Uncertainty for the parameters involved in the analysis is calculated and summarized in Table 3. Calculations for parameters’ uncertainties are as follow:

  • 1. Reynolds number, Re

    $$\frac{{X_{Re} }}{Re} = \sqrt {\left( {2\frac{{X_{m} }}{m}} \right)^{2} + \left( {( - 1)\frac{{X_{t} }}{t}} \right)^{2} + \left( {( - 1)\frac{{X_{\mu } }}{\mu }} \right)^{2} } = \sqrt {(0.00066)^{2} + (0.0038)^{2} + (0.01)^{2} } = 0.010719$$
    (14)

  • 2. Heat flux, qʺ

    $$\frac{{X_{{q^{{\prime \prime }} }} }}{{q^{{\prime \prime }} }} = \sqrt {\left( {\frac{{X_{V} }}{V}} \right)^{2} + \left( {\frac{{X_{I} }}{I}} \right)^{2} + \left( {( - 1)\frac{{X_{L} }}{L}} \right)^{2} } = \sqrt {(0.000098)^{2} + (0.042915)^{2} + (0.000023)^{2} } = 0.0429$$
    (15)

  • 3. Convection heat transfer coefficient, h

    $$\frac{{X_{{\text{h}}} }}{h} = \sqrt {\left( {\frac{{X_{{q^{{\prime \prime }} }} }}{{q^{{\prime \prime }} }}} \right)^{2} + \left( {( - 1)\frac{{X_{{T_{w} - T_{\infty } }} }}{{T_{w} - T_{\infty } }}} \right)^{2} } = \sqrt {(0.0429)^{2} + (0.0031)^{2} } = 0.04301$$
    (16)

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Sadegh Moghanlou, F., Shams Khorrami, A., Esmaeilzadeh, E. et al. Effect of strong electric field on heat transfer enhancement in a mini channel containing Al2O3/oil nanofluid. J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. 43, 149 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-021-02869-x

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