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Chronic Effects of Altering Resistance Training Set Configurations Using Cluster Sets: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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Abstract

Background

The acute responses to cluster set resistance training (RT) have been demonstrated. However, as compared to traditional sets, the effect of cluster sets on muscular and neuromuscular adaptations remains unclear.

Objective

To compare the effects of RT programs implementing cluster and traditional set configurations on muscular and neuromuscular adaptations.

Methods

Systematic searches of Embase, Scopus, Medline and SPORTDiscus were conducted. Inclusion criteria were: (1) randomized or non-randomized comparative studies; (2) publication in English; (3) participants of all age groups; (4) participants free of any medical condition or injury; (5) cluster set intervention; (6) comparison intervention utilizing a traditional set configuration; (7) intervention length ≥ three weeks and (8) at least one measure of changes in strength/force/torque, power, velocity, hypertrophy or muscular endurance. Raw data (mean ± SD or range) were extracted from included studies. Hedges’ g effect sizes (ES) ± standard error of the mean (SEM) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated.

Results

Twenty-nine studies were included in the meta-analysis. No differences between cluster and traditional set configurations were found for strength (ES = − 0.05 ± 0.10, 95% CI − 0.21 to 0.11, p = 0.56), power output (ES = 0.02 ± 0.10, 95% CI − 0.17 to 0.20, p = 0.86), velocity (ES = 0.15 ± 0.13, 95% CI − 0.10 to 0.41, p = 0.24), hypertrophy (ES = − 0.05 ± 0.14, 95% CI − 0.32 to 0.23, p = 0.73) or endurance (ES = − 0.07 ± 0.18, 95% CI − 0.43 to 0.29, p = 0.70) adaptations. Moreover, no differences were observed when training volume, cluster set model, training status, body parts trained or exercise type were considered.

Conclusion

Collectively, both cluster and traditional set configurations demonstrate equal effectiveness to positively induce muscular and neuromuscular adaptation(s). However, cluster set configurations may achieve such adaptations with less fatigue development during RT which may be an important consideration across various exercise settings and stages of periodized RT programs.

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Data Availability Statement

The datasets analysed for the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia

    Timothy B. Davies, Derek L. Tran & Clorinda M. Hogan

  2. Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia

    Derek L. Tran

  3. Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia

    Derek L. Tran

  4. School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia

    G. Gregory Haff & Christopher Latella

  5. Directorate of Physiotherapy and Sport, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, UK

    G. Gregory Haff

  6. Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia

    Christopher Latella

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TBD: Formulation of research question and study design, data extraction, interpretation of results, manuscript preparation and review. DLT: Formulation of research question and study design, interpretation of results, manuscript preparation and review. CMH: Quality analysis, manuscript preparation and review. GGH: Interpretation of results, manuscript preparation and review. CL: Interpretation of results, quality analysis, manuscript preparation and review.

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Correspondence to Timothy B. Davies.

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Timothy Davies, Derek Tran, Clorinda Hogan, Gregory Haff and Christopher Latella declare no conflicts of interest that may affect the results and the interpretation of results within this manuscript.

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Davies, T.B., Tran, D.L., Hogan, C.M. et al. Chronic Effects of Altering Resistance Training Set Configurations Using Cluster Sets: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 51, 707–736 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01408-3

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