References
Multani I, Manji J, Hastings-Ison T, Khot A, Graham K. Botulinum toxin in the management of children with cerebral palsy. Pediatric Drugs. 2019;21(4):261–81.
O’Flaherty SJ, Janakan V, Morrow AM, Scheinberg AM, Waugh MC. Adverse events and health status following botulinum toxin type A injection. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2011;53(2):125–30.
Valentine J, Davidson S, Bear N, Blair E, Ward R, Thornton A, Stannage K, Watson L, Forbes D, Elliot C. Botulinum toxin and surgical intervention in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy: who, when and why do we treat? Disabil Rehabil. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2019.1644381.
Novak I, McIntyre S, Morgan C, Campbell L, Dark L, Morton N, et al. A systematic review of interventions for children with cerebral palsy: state of the evidence. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2013;55(10):885–910.
Copeland L, Edwards P, Thorley M, Donaghey S, Gascoigne-Pees L, Kentish M, et al. Botulinum toxin A for nonambulatory children with cerebral palsy: a double blind randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr. 2014;165(1):140–6.
Howell K, Selber P, Graham HK, Reddihough D. Botulinum neurotoxin A: an unusual systemic effect. J Paediatric child health. 2007;43(6):499–501.
Swinney CM, Bau K, Burton KLO, O’Flaherty SJ, Bear N, Paget S. Severity of cerebral palsy and likelihood of adverse events after botulinum toxin A injections. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2018;60(5):498–504.
Langdon K, Blair E, Davidson S, Valentine J. Adverse events following botulinum toxin type A treatment in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2010;52(10):972–3.
Edwards P, Sakzewski L, Copeland L, Gascoigne-Pees L, McLennan K, Thorley M, et al. Safety of botulinum toxin A for children with nonambulatory cerebral palsy. Pediatrics. 2015;136(5):895–904.
Blackmore AM, Bear N, Blair E, Langdon K, Moshovis L, Steer K, Wilson A. Predicting respiratory hospital admission in young people with cerebral palsy. Arch Dis Child. 2018;103:1119–24.
Williams SA, Reid S, Elliott C, Shipman P, Valentine J. Muscle volume alterations in spastic muscles immediately following botulinum toxin type-A treatment in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2013;55(9):813–20.
Park ES, Sim E, Rha D-W, Jung S. Architectural changes of the gastrocnemius muscle after botulinum toxin type A injection in children with cerebral palsy. Yonsei Med J. 2014;55(5):1406–12.
Van Campenhout A, Verhaegen A, Pans S, Molenaers G. Botulinum toxin type A injections in the psoas muscle of children with cerebral palsy: muscle atrophy after motor end plate-targeted injections. Res Dev Disabil. 2013;34(3):1052–8.
Barber L. The effects of botulinum toxin injection frequency on calf muscle growth in young children with spastic cerebral palsy: a 12-month prospective study. J Child Orthop. 2013;7(5):425–33.
Alexander C, Elliott C, Valentine J, Stannage K, Bear N, Donnelly CJ, et al. Muscle volume alterations after first botulinum neurotoxin A treatment in children with cerebral palsy: a 6-month prospective cohort study. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2018;60(11):1165–71.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Funding
No funding was received for the publication of this letter.
Conflict of interest
Katherine Langdon, Lisa Copeland, Priya Edwards, Kate Rodwell, Kim McLennan, Theresa Carroll, Sasaka Bandaranayake, Adam Scheinberg, Mary-Clare Waugh, Heather Burnett, Neil Wimalasundera, Sabine Hennel, Eewei Lim, and Steve O’Flaherty declare that they have no conflicts of interest relevant to the content of this letter.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Langdon, K., Copeland, L., Edwards, P. et al. Comment on: “Botulinum Toxin in the Management of Children with Cerebral Palsy”. Pediatr Drugs 21, 493–495 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40272-019-00358-2
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40272-019-00358-2