Volume of Distribution is Unaffected by Metabolic Drug–Drug Interactions

Table 2 Inhibitory specificities of clinical index inhibitors and additional perpetrator drugs

Index inhibitor	BDDCS class	Enzyme	Other relevant enzymes/transporters	Refs.
Cimetidine	3	OCT2 CYP2C19 CYP3A	MATE1 CYP1A2 CYP2C9 CYP2D6	[5]
Ciprofloxacin	4	CYP1A2	CYP3A4	[4]
Clarithromycin	3	CYP3A4	CYP2C19 P-gp	[4]
Diltiazem	1	CYP3A4	CYP1A2 CYP2D6 P-gp	[5]
Disulfiram	2	CYP2E1	CYP1A2 CYP2C9 CYP2D6	[5]
Enoxacin	4	CYP1A2		[4]
Erythromycin	4	CYP3A4	P-gp	[4]
Famotidine	3	Unknown
Fluconazole	3	CYP2C9 CYP2C19	CYP3A4	[4]
Itraconazole	2	CYP3A4	CYP2J2 P-gp	[4]
Ketoconazole	2	CYP3A4	CYP2C19 P-gp	[4]
Lidocaine	1	CYP3A4	CYP1A2	[7]
Nalidixic acid	2	Unknown
Nelfinavir	2	CYP3A4	CYP2D6	[8]
Norfloxacin	4	CYP1A2		[9]
Ofloxacin	3	Unknown
Olanzapine	2	Unknown
Ondansetron	1	Unknown
Primaquine	1	Unknown
Quinidine	1	CYP2D6	P-gp	[4]
Ranitidine	3	OCT2 CYP3A	CYP2C9 CYP2D6	[5]
Rifampin (single dose)	2	OATPs	CYP3A4	[6, 11]
Rifampin (multiple dose)	2	(Inducer) CYP3A CYP2C9 P-gp	(Inducer) CYP1A CYP2B6 CYP2C8 CYP2C19	[6]
Ritonavir (single dose)	2	CYP3A4	P-gp	[4]
Ritonavir (multiple dose)	2	CYP induction		[4]
Sulfaphenazole	1	CYP2C9		[8]
Terbinafine	2	CYP2D6	CYP1A2	[4]
Verapamil	1	CYP3A4	P-gp	[4]

BDDCS Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System, CYP cytochrome P450, MATE Multidrug and Toxic Extrusion, OCT organic cation transporter, P-gp P-glycoprotein, Refs references