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Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in the era of personalized cancer therapy

  • Review Article
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Abstract

The heterogeneity of tumor is considered as a major difficulty to victorious personalized cancer medicine. There is an extremeneed of consistent response evaluation for in vivo tumor heterogeneity anditscoupledconflict mechanisms. In this occasion researchers will be able to keep pace withpredictive, preventive, personalized, and Participatory (P4) medicine for cancer managements. In fact tumor heterogeneity is a central part of cancer evolution,soin order to progress in understanding of the dynamics within a tumor some diagnostic apparatus should be improved. Latest molecular techniques like Next generation Sequencing (NGS) and ultra-deep sequencing could disclose some clones within a liquid tumor biopsy which mainly responsible of treatment resistance. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) as a main component of liquid biopsy is agifted biomarker for cancer mutation tracking as well as profiling. Personalized medicine facilitate learning regarding to genetic pools of tumor and their possible respond to treatment which could be much easier by using of ctDNA.With this information, cliniciansarelooking forward to find the best strategies for prevention, screening, and treatment in the way of precision medicine. Currently, numerous clinical efficacy of such informative improved treatment are in hand. Here we represent the review of plasma-derived ctDNA studies use in personalized cancer managements.

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Abbreviations

ATC:

Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

AI:

Aromatase inhibitor

BC:

Breast Cancer

CAPP-Seq:

Cancer Personalized Profiling by deep Sequencing

CRC:

Colorectal cancers

ctDNA:

Circulating Tumor DNA

CTCs:

Circulating Tumor Cells

ddPCR:

Droplet Digital PCR

EGFR-TKIs:

Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors

EGFR:

Epidermal growth factor receptor

ESR1:

Estrogen receptor alpha

FDA:

U.S. Food and Drug Administration

HER2/neu:

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2

KRAS:

Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog

mCRC:

Metastatic colorectal cancer

MRD:

Minimal residual disease

MTC:

Medularlly Thyroid Cancer

NSCLC:

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Research

NGS:

Next-generation sequencing

PFS:

Progression free survival

PIK3C:

Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-Bisphosphate 3-Kinase Catalytic Subunit Alpha

PI3K:

Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase

PDGFRA:

Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha

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Acknowledgements

Special thanks to Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Availability of data and material

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author.

Funding

This article was a part of a larger project which was granted by the National Institute for Medical Research Development (NIMAD, Grant number: 957222).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Fatemeh Khatami & Seyed Mohammad Tavangar

  2. Departments of Pathology, Doctor Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Seyed Mohammad Tavangar

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  1. Fatemeh Khatami
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  2. Seyed Mohammad Tavangar
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Professor Seyed Mohammad Tavangar made substantial contributions to conception and design, supervision, acquisition of data, and interpretation of data. Mrs. Fatemeh Khatami had been involved in drafting the manuscript or revising it critically for important intellectual content.

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Correspondence to Seyed Mohammad Tavangar.

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All authors declare that they have no competing interests” in this section.

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Khatami, F., Tavangar, S.M. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in the era of personalized cancer therapy. J Diabetes Metab Disord 17, 19–30 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-018-0334-x

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