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Heterotopic Ossification After Spinal Cord Injury: Current Clinical Approaches

  • Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation (J Donovan, Section Editor)
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a frequent complication after spinal cord injury (SCI). This review article critically analyzes the scientific literature of HO after SCI and offers expert opinion on how past research translates to clinical practice.

Recent Findings

Triple-phase bone scintigraphy has been the gold standard for diagnosing HO; however, recent research suggests diagnostic ultrasound may be more convenient, cost-effective, and safe. Currently, routine pharmaceutical prophylaxis for HO after SCI is not recommended. Range of motion exercises are advised to prevent and treat HO. Etidronate was approved for HO treatment, but it is no longer available in the USA. Evidence to support the use of alternate bisphosphonates is lacking. Surgical resection is reserved for select cases where the primary goal is improving function.

Summary

HO is a common complication after SCI, and continued research is needed to improve diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. UPMC Rehabilitation Institute at UPMC Mercy, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 1400 Locust St. Building D, Suite G103, PM&R Office, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA

    Juliet C. Zakel & Amanda L. Harrington

  2. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Kaufmann Medical Building, Suite 910, 3471 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA

    Juliet C. Zakel & Amanda L. Harrington

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Correspondence to Amanda L. Harrington.

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Zakel, J.C., Harrington, A.L. Heterotopic Ossification After Spinal Cord Injury: Current Clinical Approaches. Curr Phys Med Rehabil Rep 8, 172–178 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40141-020-00271-7

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