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Inhalational Anesthetic Agents and Their Effects on Cancer Cell Biology

  • Cancer Anesthesia (B Riedel, Section Editor)
  • Published:
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Abstract

An improved understanding of the cellular mechanisms that account for the protective effect of inhalational anesthetics on tissues subjected to ischemia–reperfusion injury has led some to question whether a similar survival advantage may be afforded to cancer cells in patients undergoing surgery. Such an effect would be potentially detrimental to long-term cancer outcomes. Anesthetic-induced activation of hypoxia-inducible factors and upstream cell signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR appear to underpin the adaptive and pro-survival responses of cells to potentially lethal injuries. These same pathways are heavily implicated in malignancy and metastasis and their activity is associated with poor prognosis in most human solid cancers. This review gives an account of the manner in which inhalational anesthetics amplify cell signaling and induce transcriptional modifications to a variety of cell types, with a particular focus on how this relates to cancer cell biology and the various hallmarks of malignancy such as angiogenesis, cell proliferation, metabolic adaptation, invasion, and metastasis.

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Abbreviations

Akt:

Protein kinase B

ANG-1:

Angiopoietin 1

APAF-1:

Apoptotic protease activating factor 1

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate

CA-9:

Carbonic anhydrase IX

cAMP:

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate

CDKI:

Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor

CREB:

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein

CXCR-4:

Chemokine receptor 4

CYTIP:

Cytohesin 1 interacting protein

EGFR:

Epidermal growth factor receptor

ERK:

Extracellular signal-related kinase

FdG-PET:

18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography

FOXO:

Forkhead box O

GLUT-1:

Glucose transporter 1

HIF:

Hypoxia-inducible factor

HK-1:

Hexokinase 1

HO-1:

Heme oxygenase 1

IL-1β:

Interleukin-1 beta

iNOS:

Inducible nitric oxide synthase

JMY:

Junction mediating and regulatory protein, p53 cofactor

KATP :

Adenosine triphosphate regulated potassium channel

LOX:

Lysyl oxidase

LOXL-2:

Lysyl oxidase-like 2

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

MCT-4:

Monocarboxylate transporter 4

MEK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-related kinase

mmHg:

Millimeters of mercury

MMP:

Matrix metalloproteinase

mRNA:

Messenger ribonucleic acid

mTOR:

Mammalian target of rapamycin

MUC-1:

Mucin-1

NFκB:

Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells

p-Akt:

Phosphorylated Akt

PC:

Prostate cancer

PDGF-β:

Platelet-derived growth factor beta

PFK-1:

Phosphofructokinase 1

PHD:

Prolyl hydroxylase domain

PI3K:

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase

PIK3CA:

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase-catalytic alpha

PTEN:

Phosphatase and tensin homologue

RCC:

Renal cell carcinoma

RhoA:

Ras homolog gene family, member A

ROCK:

Rho-associated coiled coil-containing protein kinase

SDF-1α:

Stromal-derived factor 1 alpha

siRNA:

Short interfering ribonucleic acid

TGF-α:

Transforming growth factor alpha

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor alpha

TWIST:

Twist-related protein

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

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Acknowledgments

Dr. Bernhard Riedel wishes to thank Drs. Donal Buggy, Vijaya Gottumukkala, and Erica Sloan for their kind assistance in the development of this issue and the reviewing of the articles.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, SW10 9NH, UK

    Nicholas J. S. Perry & Daqing Ma

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  1. Nicholas J. S. Perry
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  2. Daqing Ma
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Correspondence to Daqing Ma.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Cancer Anesthesia.

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Perry, N.J.S., Ma, D. Inhalational Anesthetic Agents and Their Effects on Cancer Cell Biology. Curr Anesthesiol Rep 5, 268–277 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40140-015-0119-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40140-015-0119-4

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