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Tissue Repair and Epimorphic Regeneration: an Overview

  • Wound Healing and Tissue Repair (CC Yates, Section Editor)
  • Published:
Current Pathobiology Reports

Abstract

Purpose of the Review

This manuscript discusses wound healing as a component of epimorphic regeneration and the role of the immune system in this process.

Recent Findings

Epimorphic regeneration involves formation of a blastema, a mass of undifferentiated cells capable of giving rise to the regenerated tissues. The apical epithelial cap plays an important role in blastemal formation.

Summary

True regeneration is rarely observed in mammals. With the exception of transgenic strains, tissue repair in mammals usually leads to non-functional fibrotic tissue formation. In contrast, a number of lower order species including planarians, salamanders, and reptiles have the ability to overcome the burden of scarring and tissue loss through complex adaptations that allow them to regenerate various anatomic structures through epimorphic regeneration. Blastemal cells have been suggested to originate via various mechanisms including dedifferentiation, transdifferentiation, migration of pre-existing adult stem cell niches, and combinations of these.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 206, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA

    Ricardo Londono, Aaron X. Sun, Rocky S. Tuan & Thomas P. Lozito

  2. School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Aaron X. Sun

  3. Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Aaron X. Sun & Rocky S. Tuan

Authors
  1. Ricardo Londono
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  2. Aaron X. Sun
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  3. Rocky S. Tuan
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  4. Thomas P. Lozito
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Thomas P. Lozito.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

All reported studies/experiments with human or animal subjects performed by the authors have been previously published and complied with all applicable ethical standards (including the Helsinki declaration and its amendments, institutional/national research committee standards, and international/national/institutional guidelines).

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Wound Healing and Tissue Repair

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Londono, R., Sun, A.X., Tuan, R.S. et al. Tissue Repair and Epimorphic Regeneration: an Overview. Curr Pathobiol Rep 6, 61–69 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40139-018-0161-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40139-018-0161-2

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