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Targeting the Microbiota, From Irritable Bowel Syndrome to Mood Disorders: Focus on Probiotics and Prebiotics

  • Microbiome and Tissue Homeostasis (AS Neish and R Jones, Section Editors)
  • Published:
Current Pathobiology Reports

Abstract

Purpose of Review

The crosstalk between the gut and the brain has revealed a complex communication system responsible for maintaining a proper gastrointestinal homeostasis as well as affect emotional mood and cognitive functions. Recent research has revealed that beneficial manipulation of the microbiota by probiotics and prebiotics represents an emerging and novel strategy for the treatment of a large spectrum of diseases ranging from visceral pain to mood disorders. The review critically evaluates current knowledge of the effects exerted by both probiotics and prebiotics in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and mood disorders such as anxiety and depression.

Recent Findings

Relevant literature was identified through a search of MEDLINE via PubMed using the following words, “probiotics”, “prebiotics”, “microbiota”, and “gut-brain axis” in combination with “stress”, “depression”, “IBS”, and “anxiety”. A number of trials have shown efficacy of probiotics and prebiotics in ameliorating both IBS-related symptoms and emotional states. However, limitations have been found especially due to the small number of clinical studies, studies’ design, patient sample size, and placebo effect.

Summary

Nonetheless, current finding supports the view that beneficial manipulation of the microbiota through both probiotics and prebiotics intake represents a novel attractive strategy to treat gut-brain axis disorders such as IBS and depression.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by NIH 1R01AT009365-01 (MGG), 5R21MH108154-01 (MGG).

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  1. Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, One Shield Avenue, Davis, CA, USA

    Matteo M. Pusceddu, Kaitlin Murray & Melanie G. Gareau

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  1. Matteo M. Pusceddu
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Correspondence to Matteo M. Pusceddu or Melanie G. Gareau.

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Matteo Pusceddu, Kaitlin Murray, and Melanie Gareau declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Microbiome and Tissue Homeostasis

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Pusceddu, M.M., Murray, K. & Gareau, M.G. Targeting the Microbiota, From Irritable Bowel Syndrome to Mood Disorders: Focus on Probiotics and Prebiotics. Curr Pathobiol Rep 6, 1–13 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40139-018-0160-3

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