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Meniere’s Disease: Genetics and the Immune System

  • Otology (A Vambutas, Section Editor)
  • Published:
Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of Review

The purpose of this review was to describe the ongoing research that supports that Meniere’s disease (MD) is a heterogeneous set of clinical disorders.

Recent Findings

Different clinical subgroups of patients have been identified, which may have different etiological factors. Genes associated to the initiation or progression of MD can be classified in four main categories: immune-associated, proliferation and cell survival, cell surface channels, and extracellular matrix proteins. Two major mechanisms have been involved in MD, the innate immune response involving proinflammatory cytokines and NF-κB-mediated inflammation, but the molecular events that initiate the disorder are not known. The challenge of the immune system by antigens or allergic reactions may involve several targets in the cochlea, such as the endolymphatic sac or the spiral ligament, leading to inflammation and finally endolymphatic hydrops.

Summary

Several clinical variants have been described, and genetic and immunological factors seem to play a central role in MD.

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Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance •• Of major importance

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Acknowledgements

JALE is supported by Grants from Meniere’s Society, UK, PI17/01644 Grant from ISCIII by FEDER Funds from EU and H2020-MSCA-ITN-2016–722046 from EU.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Otology & Neurotology Group CTS495, Department of Genomic Medicine Otology & Neurotology Group CTS495, Department of Genomic Medicine, Centro de Genómica e Investigación Oncológica–Pfizer/Universidad de Granada/Junta de Andalucía (GENYO), Granada, Spain

    Marisa Flook & Jose A. Lopez Escamez

  2. Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg

    Jose A. Lopez Escamez

  3. Department of Otolaryngology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain

    Jose A. Lopez Escamez

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Correspondence to Jose A. Lopez Escamez.

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Flook, M., Lopez Escamez, J.A. Meniere’s Disease: Genetics and the Immune System. Curr Otorhinolaryngol Rep 6, 24–31 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40136-018-0182-8

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