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Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases with IL-1 Blockade

  • Otology (A Vambutas, Section Editor)
  • Published:
Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of Review

To provide evidence that therapeutic blockade of IL-1 can provide benefit for patients with hearing loss. In this review, we assess clinical trials of the IL-1 receptor antagonist (anakinra), the soluble IL-1 receptor (rilonacept), antibodies to interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) (canakinumab, gevokizumab), and anti-IL-1α (xilonix) for clinical indications not related to hearing loss but rather to disease conditions that are common to inflammatory diseases. One purpose of this review is to distinguish between autoinflammatory diseases and autoimmune diseases. Whereas autoinflammatory diseases are due to dysfunctional T cells and B cells, autoinflammatory diseases are due to overproduction of macrophage cytokines particularly IL-1β. A causative role for IL-1 in autoinflammatory diseases is derived from clinical studies blocking the IL-1 receptor or neutralizing monoclonal antibodies or soluble receptors.

Recent Findings

Off-label use of anakinra is common for a broad spectrum of inflammatory diseases. Neutralization of IL-1β is used to treat not only hereditary autoinflammatory diseases but also atherosclerosis. Rilonacept reduces arterial wall inflammation in patients with chronic kidney disease. Neutralization of IL-1α has prolonged life in patients with advanced metastatic colorectal cancer. Compared to other cytokine blocking therapies, reducing the activities of IL-1 has an excellent safety record.

Summary

Blocking IL-1 therapies can be used to treat a wide spectrum of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases.

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  1. Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA

    Charles A. Dinarello

  2. Department of Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    Charles A. Dinarello

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Supported by NIH Grants AI-15614

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Dinarello, C.A. Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases with IL-1 Blockade. Curr Otorhinolaryngol Rep 6, 1–14 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40136-018-0181-9

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